【作者】 杨涛；

【导师】 李硕；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济事业的飞速发展,大城市交通状况已日趋严重,在一定程度上影响了城市社会经济系统的进一步发展和人民生活水平的提高。常规城市公共交通作为我国城市交通的重要组成部分,已越来越受到人们的重视。本文以提高常规城市公交服务水平为目标,对常规城市公共交通系统规划中的公交需求预测、公交线网优化技术、公交站场规划等三大关键问题进行深入研究。首先,针对传统的现状公交OD出行矩阵推算方法所存在的缺陷,先以单条公交线路为研究对象,根据各站点上下客人数,采用结构化模型反推单条公交线路客流OD矩阵。再在各可换乘站点车内乘客下车的概率相等,且下车乘客的换乘概率与可换乘站点处单位时间内可换乘车辆数成正比的假设下,推导出乘客公交出行中至多完成一次换乘的公交线网客流OD出行分布矩阵。接着,本文首次将时间分布引入公交线网优化中,提出了公交线网时间覆盖率概念和基于乘客到达公交站点呈Poisson分布的理想总发车频率计算模型,并在此基础上提出时间-空间联合覆盖率这一全新概念。接着从社会效益和经济效益两方面考虑,采用线性模型,建立基于时间-空间覆盖率的公交线网优化模型,并对模型进行评价,给出模型的求解思路。最后,本文重点研究公交中间站点最佳站距、类型和规模问题,推导出更加符合我国常规公交发展现状的中间站点间距模型。通过分析中间站点的停靠能力和城市土地利用开发强度这两个重要影响因素,得出基于有效泊位数的公交中间站点类型和规模模型,并给出模型参数建议值,以解决我国大城市中心区公交复线系数较大路段停靠站设置难的问题。接着在规划实践的基础上提出了一种分步骤结合宏观控制的公交枢纽选址模型和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of economy in our country, the condition of large urban transportation has been become more and more deteriorated, which is influencing the development of the urban economy and the enhancement of resident living level to a certain extent. The conventional urban transit’s as an important part of our country’s urban transportation infrastructure, has received more attention by people. To improve the service level of the conventional transit, this thesis focuses on three important problems about the planning of conventional urban transit, such as the transit demand forecast, the optimization of transit network, the planning of the bus terminals and stops.First of all, in view of the drawbacks of the traditional computation method for present transit trip OD matrix, this thesis proposes the structured model to calculate backward the transit trip OD matrix for a single transit line with the numbers of passengers boarding and alighting at each bus stop. Under the assumption of the probabilities of boarding at the various bus stops being equal and the probabilities of transferring being proportional to the number of buses at transferring stop in a unit time, the transit trip OD matrix can be estimated with the assumption of the number of transferring being at most one time in a transit trip.Then, this thesis initializes the time distribution method for the optimization of transit network, proposes a new concept of temporal coverage for transit network system and the optimal dispatching frequency model based on the expected satisfactory probability, and in terms of this new concept—the joint spatial-temporal coverage for a transit network system is also presented. Then, considering two aspects i.e., social efficiency and economic efficiency, with the use of linear model, the model of joint spatial-temporal coverage for the optimization of transit network is proposed, and the solution method is set up and evaluated.Finally, this thesis focus on the optimal gaps between consecutive bus stops, the type and the size of bus stop, infers the model for the gap between stops which conforms to the present situation of the transit system in our country. Through analyzing two important effective factors of stop capacity and land-use intensity, the type and size models of bus stop which are based on the number of effective parks are obtained, and obtained the standard value to solve the difficult problem of locating bus stop in CBD in our country is determined. Then, in accordance with planning practice, this thesis puts forward the location model and method of bus hub terminal, and the method not only divides step but also combines macroscopic control.更多还原