【作者】 徐文正；

【导师】 魏取福；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 纺织工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着纳米技术的不断发展,研究开发新型纳米材料成为材料研究领域中的热点,纺织材料也不例外。纤维及纤维制品已不再是简单的传统意义上的服装用材料,它正逐步地扩展到装饰用、产业用方面。纳米纤维本身具有大的比表面积,高孔隙率等优异的特点,有着广阔的应用前景;若能够合理利用各种功能化的手段,便制得可满足不同工业用途的功能化纤维材料。本论文中,首先采用自制静电纺丝装置制备聚酰胺6纳米纤维,在对工艺参数的选择过程中实验得出聚酰胺6溶液的可纺质量分数范围在8%～18%。在工艺参数为:溶液质量分数15%,纺丝电压14kV,收集距离10cm,喷丝口内径0.7mm,注射泵注射速率0.2ml/h的情况下能制备出纤维直径在300nm左右的纳米纤维集合体。同时采用原子力显微镜区别分析了带状结构和圆形结构的纳米纤维,测量出纳米纤维的直径,并对纳米纤维表面的微摩擦力进行分析。然后,采用低温磁控溅射技术在纳米纤维集合体的表面沉积氧化锌,赋予纳米纤维以抗紫外线的性能。再使用原子力显微镜对纳米纤维功能化膜的微观结构进行了分析,探索了氧化锌膜的微观结构与工艺参数的关系。分析了氧化锌在云母表面的生长模式和氧化锌在聚合物纳米纤维集合体表面的生长模式,得出氧化锌在云母表面的生长模式为层加岛状生长模式,而对于在聚合物纳米纤维表面的生长,实验可以发现在小范围的平整表面上其生长状况与在云母表面的生长相似,而对于大范围的纤维集合体的表面,由于其表面的孔隙结构和纤维缺陷,其生长模式可认为是岛状结构生长。并且对比了纳米纤维及经过磁控溅射功能化后的氧化锌膜的表面微摩擦力和粘附力的大小。最后,利用X射线能谱仪(EDX)成功验证了纳米纤维表面氧化锌物质的存在,使用紫外分光光度计研究其抗紫外性能,结论证明经过磁控溅射后的聚合物纳米纤维集合体的紫外透过率低于没有经过磁控溅射的纳米纤维集合体,达到很好的抗紫外效果。本论文研究证实了低温磁控溅射沉积技术对纳米纤维功能化的可行性,它能在保持纳米纤维本身优异性能的同时,赋予纳米纤维以新的功能,具有良好的产业用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of nanotechnology, new nanomaterials have been a hot research field in materials area, including textile materials. Fibers and textiles are no longer used as they used to be. They have been used not only in clothing but also in decoration and industry, and the nanofibers with large specific surface area and high porosity have great potential applications in many industries. Various techniques have been used to functionalize polymer nanofibers in order to meet the needs of different applications.In this paper, the polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers was prepared by electrospinning, firstly. The results of the experiments indicated that the spinnable range of polymer solution concentration was between 8 wt. % and 18 wt. %, and the diameter of the nanofibers was about 300nm. During the experiments, 15wt. % polymer solution concentration was prepared, a high voltage of 14kV, a collecting distance of 10cm and a needle of 0.7mm diameter were applied and a common injection rate of syringe pump of 0.2ml/h was set. Meanwhile, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for the examination of different structures of nanofibers, including ribbon and circular structures. It was also used to measure the diameter of nanofibers and surface mechanical properties of the nanofibers.Secondly, a magnetron sputtering system was used to deposit zinc oxide (ZnO) onto the surface of the polyamide 6 nanofibers. It gave nanofibers a new characteristic of anti-ultraviolet. Then, AFM was used to observe the microstructure of the functionalized nanofibers. The growth modes of ZnO film deposited respectively on the surface of mica and polyamide 6 nanofibers were analyzed and compared. The result showed that the growth modes of ZnO film deposited on the surface of mica was stranski-krastanov mode, but the growth mode of ZnO deposited on the surface of PA6 nanofibers was volmer-weber mode, also the growth mode were similar in the small area. AFM was also employed to study the difference of surface frictional forces and adhesion between nanofibers and ZnO film deposited on the nanofiber.Finally, EDX was used to verify the existence of ZnO on the surface of the nanofibers, and ultraviolet spectrophotometer was adopted to analyze their anti-ultraviolet properties. The results of UV/VIS spectrophotometer indicated that the transmittance of nanofibers in ultraviolet (UV) would be higher than which have deposited ZnO on the surface of nanofibers, indicating the better anti-ultraviolet property of the nanofibers after sputtering.The article has examined the feasibility of the functionalization of polymer nanofibers by sputtering. Sputter coating can not only maintain the outstanding properties of polymer nanofibers, but also give them new function. Therefore, the functional nanofibers with new functions have great potential applications.更多还原