【作者】 保鲁昆；

【导师】 彭其渊；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 铁路车站具有内部空间大,人员密集,疏散路线复杂等特点,再加上旅客携带大量行李,是火灾的多发场所,容易造成群死群伤的恶性事故。因此,本文选取铁路车站为研究对象进行分析具有较高的理论和现实意义。自上个世纪中期,很多学者就开始研究火灾发生时人员的疏散模型,这些模型大致可以分为:不考虑人员特性的网络流模型、考虑人员特性的细网格模型、网络网格模型等。这些模型为火灾紧急疏散做出了重要的贡献。本文综合应用安全科学、行为学、社会学等理论和基本方法,通过收集资料和实地调研,以及对国内外大量参考文献的阅读和总结的基础上,结合国内外火灾紧急疏散的案例,分析了普通铁路车站火灾中存在的问题如拥挤、践踏和群集流的成拱现象,并对这些问题对安全疏散的影响进行了分析。探讨了未来立体化、综合化和人性化的新型车站对安全疏散所面临的挑战。按照人员角色不同,本文把车站人员分为车站工作人员和疏散旅客。通过研究车站火灾应急预案,结合车站日常规章,画出了车站工作人员火灾紧急疏散运作网络图。然后根据旅客的行为特征,结合人员心理、生理和社会行为规律,利用有色Petri网工具形象的描述了旅客的疏散过程。阐明了车站火灾安全疏散的基本条件,并分析了旅客疏散时间的组成。然后根据旅客的疏散流线,建立了静态和动态网络模型求解旅客疏散运动时间,并比较了不同疏散策略和不同疏散人数情况下的疏散运动时间。通过介绍了南京车站火灾发生过程及造成的严重后果,然后分析了火灾发生的主客观原因,并利用petri网分析了人员疏散失败过程。其次本文引入故障树分析法,建立了车站火灾人员疏散失败故障树,分析了各基本故障事件的重要程度。最后,结合各基本故障事件的重要程度,分析并给出了车站火灾预防和安全疏散措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Railway station is a large space, with so many passengers and station staffs. It has complex evacuation routes. And the passengers carried a large amount of luggage. It is a place which catches fire easily. Therefore, it is very useful for studying railway station’s fire emergency evacuation.Since the 50 years of last century, many scientists have studied many models of fire emergency evacuation. These models can be classified into three types as follows: Network Model which ignores the difference of Person, Griddling Model which considers the different characteristic of Person, and the Network Griddling Model which has the ability to model the change of Person’s position in a flexible way and the characteristic of person. These models provide many good measures for fire emergency evacuation.This paper analyzed the problems when train station on fire, using security science, behavioral science, sociology’s theory and methods, such as overcrowding, trampling and the arching clusters flow phenomena through data collection and reading the large number of domestic and foreign literature integrated with fire emergency evacuation case of ordinary railway station. Discussion the future challenges of new comprehensive stations on the safe evacuation.The people were divided into two categories station staff and the passengers according to their roles. It draws station staff’s fire emergency evacuation operation network through studying the station’s fire emergency plan with station daily regulations. This paper described the passenger’s evacuation process using Colored Petri Net based on the passenger’s behavior, integrated with psychological, physiological and social behavior.This paper stated basic conditions for passenger safety evacuation in train station fire and analyzed the composition of passenger evacuation time. Then this paper established static and dynamic networks according to the passenger’s evacuation lines to calculate the evacuation time. At last, we compare the evacuation time based on different strategies and different passengers.We analyzed the subjective and objective reasons of Nanjing station’s fire through studying Nanjing station’s fire process and the serious outcome. Then we descript the failure evacuation process using Petri net. At last, we established the station evacuation failure’s fault tree and calculated the minimum cut sets and most trails set. And the basic events are sorted according the structure importance. According the structure importance of the basic events, we provide some measures for preventing station fire and evacuation efficiently.更多还原