供应链企业的利益分配问题研究

【作者】 叶茂；

【导师】 刘诚；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 运筹学与控制论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着科技进步和市场需求的日益变化,企业间的竞争已演变为其所在供应链之间的竞争了,并且在这种形式下不断出现新的供应链管理理念、技术和管理模式。供应链管理的核心思想是合作与共享。企业实施供应链管理的目的就是增强自身的竞争力,降低运作成本,提高运作效率。利益驱动是促使企业实施供应链管理的一个重要原因,而利益分配是否合理却会影响到供应链运作的稳定性和合作的长久性。作为一个企业,实施供应链管理后的利益必然不能低于他融入某一供应链之前所能得到的利益。本文对供应链企业利益的合理分配以及分配模式的研究是从下面几个方面展开的:第一,从供应链企业利益分配的基本原则和影响因素开始,介绍了影响利益分配的基本原则以及影响企业收益分配的相关因素。影响企业收益分配的因素主要有:投资因素、对供应链整体的贡献、风险和努力程度等。在此基础上,本文介绍了常用的供应链企业利益分配模式和模型,即:基于风险/投资的比例法、基于Nash协商模型的利益分配方法和基于不对称Nash协商模型的分配方法、基于Shapely值法的利益分配和基于核仁理论的分配方法。考虑到经典的Shapely值法没有考虑各成员所实际承担的风险,本文对其进行了改进。第二,本文从委托-代理理论的角度研究了供应链利益分配中的激励与补偿问题。为了避免在供应链企业的利益分配过程中产生冲突,本文在产出共享模式的基础上考虑了线性激励问题。第三,从收益共享契约(RS)这个角度对供应链企业的利益分配问题进行了探讨。在常见的二级供应链下的收益共享契约模型的基础上,分别研究了价格弹性、努力因素影响需求条件下,考虑风险厌恶的销售商加盟的收益共享模型,得到了收益共享契约在各种情况下要达到供应链协作时所需满足的条件。并且在每一个模型的建立过程中都综合考虑了库存持有成本、缺货成本以及商品残值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of science and technology, with the changing of market environment in recent years, the competition between companies has become the competition between supply chains. Many supply chain management thoughts and technologies arise in this condition. The core thoughts of supply chain management are cooperation and sharing. Supply chain management is to enhance one company’s competitiveness, and promote its operation efficiency and depress its costs. The profit-driven is an important reason for the company’s joining in a supply chain. But whether the profit-allocation’s reasonable or not will influence the stability of the supply chain, and also the Long-term partnership. As a supply chain company, what he get from cooperation must not less than what he can get when he’s not in the supply chain. We discuss the reasonability of profit allocation and the allocation patterns from the following four aspects:First, beginning from the principals and the influential actors of the allocation of supply chain profit, the principals and the influential factors of the allocation are presented first. The main factors are: investment, dedication, risk and diligence. At this basic, the usual models of supply chain profit allocation are presented: the proportional methods based on invest/risk, Shapely value method, and methods based on Nash bargaining and asymmetry Nash bargaining model. Give that the classic Shapely value doesn’t consider the companies’ risks, we mended it.Secondly, we explore this topic from the aspect of principal-agent theory: to avoid the conflicts between supply chain companies when allocating profits, we discussed the linear inspirit problem based on the outcome-sharing pattern.At last, we discussed our topic using the revenue-sharing(RS) contract: Based on the most usual RS models in two-echelon supply chain, we discuss it from the aspect of: demand is sensitive-with price, demand is sensitive with promotion effect, the retailer is Risk-averse. And we gained the requirements for supply chain coordination in all those conditions. Further more, we considered the stock-holding cost, the cost of out of stock, and the item salvage cost in the modeling process.更多还原