城市化背景下失地农民的职业转移

【作者】 易帆；

【导师】 章辉美；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 社会学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究通过对两个经济发展类型有较大差异的失地农民村(G村和T村)农民的职业转移现状、职业转移途径等的调查,对比研究城市化背景下我国中部地区不同村失地农民职业转移差异,并依据这种差异,分析不同经济类型失地农民村的职业转移的特点以及职业转移与其影响因素的互动关系。本研究基于湖南省长沙市两个失地农民村的实证调查发现:(1)失去土地以后,大部分失地农民在政府、社会的帮助和自身努力下实现了初次职业转移,但是受各方面条件限制,他们大多在技术要求低、进入门坎低的非正规部门就业;(2)地理位置对失地农民职业转移产生了重要影响。越是靠近城市中心的村,土地流转速度越快,土地升值的空间越大,对资本、技术、劳动、流动人口的吸纳能力也越强,从而整体开发和发展状况越好,失地农民职业转移更加顺利,得到的实惠也越多。(3)职业转移过程中,没有集体经济作为支撑的、经济发展速度较慢的村,家庭因素的作用大于个人因素的影响,即“后致性因素对失地农民职业转移的影响逐步扩大,职业转移渠道越来越多元化,能力主义原则在非农职业转移中的作用日益显著”这一具体假设被证伪。这一分析结果从另一个角度证实了地理位置影响了村的经济发展水平,进而影响到失地农民的职业转移。从目前职业转移的状况来看,失地农民要想在城市化过程中成功实现职业转移,首先,必须为失地农民获得第一个新的职业岗位提供可供选择的社会空间;其次,失地农民的职业转移走上可持续发展与良性循环的道路。只有这样,才不会使进入城市社会分工体系的失地农民面临被边缘化的危险,才符合我国建设社会主义和谐社会的根本要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the research to the landless peasant’s occupation transfer status, the way of occupation transfer of two different economic types of communities, the thsis analyzed the differences of landless peasant’s occupation transfer of the two countries in central area of China in the context of urbanization. And in accordance with the differences, the thesis analyzed the characteristics of occupation transfer of landless peasants, and the interactive relationship of occupation transfer and the factors impact on them.Based on the investigations in two landless peasants countries in Changsha city, Hunan Province, we find out that: (1) After having lost their land, the majority of landless peasants achivieved the initial vocational transfer with the help of the government、the social and their own efforts,but the various conditions, most of them get jobs in informal sector which is low technical requirements, low entry thereshold employment; (2) Location of the transfer of landless peasant’s career has important implications. The more close to the city center, the faster land transfers,the bigger space appreciation of the land, the more stronger the aility to absorb capital、technology、labor and floating population, and thus the better overall development,the more smoothly occupation shift, the more benefits to landless peasants; (3) In the progress of occupation transfer, the affection of family factors is stronger than the personal factors’, in the country which is not backed by the collective ecnomy and the slower development,that is to say, the assumption: " The self-attain factors are more important,and the impact of them gradually expanded, more diversified transfer channels,the more signicant the principle of ability in the non-agricultural vocational transfer"is falsification.The result confirmed that location affected the region’s economic development level,thereby affecting the occupational transfer of landless peasants.From the current situation of the occupation transfer, in the context of urbanization,to help landless peasants with achieving occupation transfer,firstly, it must be provide alternative social space for landless peasants to attain the first new job;secondly,after attaning the first job position, landless peasants must embark on sustainable development and the virtuous circle of the road.Only in this way, the landless peasants would not be at risk of being marginalized in the social division of labor and meet the fundamental requirements of China’s socialist construction of a harmonious society.更多还原