【作者】 叶曼；

【导师】 张静平；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 护理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:(1)了解湖南省留守初中生的一般状况、生活事件、家庭关怀度、领悟社会支持、应对方式、个性、自尊和心理健康状况,分析其与非留守初中生的区别,分析“留守与否”是否是影响农村初中生心理健康状况的重要因素;(2)分析应激源及应激中介因素与留守初中生心理健康状况的关系,建立留守初中生心理应激模型;(3)提供一套简单可行的针对留守初中生心理健康状况的干预措施。方法:以湖南省地区、县、乡(镇)为抽样框架,采用分层—随机—整群抽样方法,应用留守初中生一般情况问卷、青少年生活事件量表、家庭关怀度量表、领悟社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷、艾森克个性问卷少年版、自尊量表和中国中学生心理健康量表对湖南省2406名初中生进行横断面调查研究,对数据进行统计描述、卡方检验、协方差分析、方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Pearson相关分析、验证性因素分析、多元线性回归分析和结构方程分析。结果:(1)除EPQ量表的项目间平均相关系数MIC只有0.019,内外向和掩饰性MIC低于0.100外,其余各量表及其分量表的Cronbachα均大于0.600,MIC在0.100～0.500之间;验证性因素分析各量表CFI、IFI、GFI均大于或等于0.900,除ASLEC六因子结构RMSEA等于0.100外,其余的RMSEA＜0.100,卡方检验P值均小于0.05。(2)留守初中生生活事件总得分高于非留守初中生(P=0.000),家庭关怀度低于非留守初中生(P=0.014),社会支持总得分高于非留守初中生(P=0.009),积极应对方式得分低于非留守初中生(P=0.011),消极应对方式得分高于非留守初中生(P=0.022);情绪稳定性得分比较高(P=0.020),精神质(P=0.357)、内外向(0.592)和掩饰性(P=0.447)得分差别不具有统计学意义,自尊得分(P=0.001)低于非留守初中生,留守初中生心理健康状况总均分以及各纬度得分均高于非留守初中生(P＜0.05)。(3)“留守与否”(B=0.123)进入农村初中生心理健康状况影响因素分析的多元线性回归方程。(4)生活事件(路径系数=0.08)可直接影响心理健康状况,同时可以作用于消极应对方式(路径系数=0.01)和家庭关怀度(路径系数=-0.02)而间接影响心理健康状况;社会支持(路径系数=-0.02)、自尊(路径系数=-0.03)、消极应对方式(路径系数=0.07)、积极应对方式(路径系数=-0.04)、情绪稳定(路径系数=0.04)、精神质(路径系数=0.11)也可以直接作用于心理健康状况;家庭关怀度(路径系数=0.10)、个性中的内外向(路径系数=0.21)、情绪稳定性(路径系数=-0.83)、精神质(路径系数=-1.87)可以通过自尊的中介作用影响心理健康状况;社会支持(路径系数=4.89)可以介导家庭关怀度对心理健康状况的影响。结论:(1)留守初中生与非留守初中生在青少年生活事件、家庭关怀度、领悟社会支持、简易应对方式、个性、自尊和心理状况上存在显著的差别;(2)“留守与否”是影响农村初中生心理健康的一大原因;(3)个性(情绪稳定、精神质)、生活事件是留守初中生心理健康状况最主要、最直接的影响因素,社会支持、家庭关怀度、积极和消极应对方式、自尊是留守儿童心理应激过程的中介因素,其中消极应对方式和家庭关怀度可缓冲生活事件对心理健康状况的影响,自尊能缓冲个性、家庭关怀度对心理健康状况的影响作用,而社会支持可缓冲家庭关怀度对心理健康状况的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:(1)To investigate the common status,life events,family solicitude,perceived social support,coping style,personality,self-esteem and mental health of left-behind junior middle school students(JMSS)in Hunan,and find out the differences between non-left-behind and left-behind JMSS,and to analysis whether "being left-behind or not" was one of the factors that influenced mental health of rural JMSS.(2)To analysis the relationship among stressors,stress medi-factors and mental health of left-behind JMSS,and to built a structural equation model on psychological stress of left-behind JMSS.(3)To provide some simple and feasible psychological inventions according to the psychological problems of left-behind JMSS.Methods:Adopting delaminating-random-group sampling and using region,county,village(town)as sampling framework,we utilized Demographic Data Recording Form,Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List,Scale of APGAR,Perceived Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health for Chinese Middle-school Student to assess 2406 rural junior middle school students’ mental health in Hunan.Statistic analysis methods included statistic description, Chi-square analysis,Analysis of covariables,Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H analysis,Pearson-correlation analysis,Validation factor analysis,Linearity regression analysis and Structural equation analysis.Results:(1)Except MIC of EPQ was 0.019,and MIC of E or L less than 0.100,Cronbach a of other scales or sub-scales were more than 0.600,MIC between 0.100 and 0.500;CFI、IFI、GFI of all scales or sub-scales were more than 0.900,RMSEA less than 0.100 except RMSEA of ASLEC was 0.100,according to validation factor analysis.(2) Left-behind JMSS’ life events(P=0.000)were higher,APGAR scores lower(P=0.014),social support scores(P=0.009)lower,positive coping style scores(P=0.011)lower,negative coping style(P=0.022)higher, N score(P=0.020)higher,self-esteem scores(P=0.001)lower,and mental health status score higher than non-left-behind JMSS.There was no difference on P(P=0.357),E(P=0.592)and L(P=0.447)between the two groups according to analysis of covariable.(3)"Being left-behind or not"(B=0.123)entered the multiple linear regression equation,which analysed influencial factors of mental health on rural JMSS.(4)Life events was one of the factors(r=0.08)that influenced the mental health directly,and it influenced mental health indirectly by acting on negative coping styles(r=0.01)and APGAR(r=-0.02).Social support(r =-0.02),self-esteem(r=0.03),negative coping styles(r=0.07), positive coping styles(r=-0.04),P(r=0.03)and N(r=0.04)also influenced mental health directly.E(r=0.21),N(r=-1.87)and P (r=-0.83)and APGAR(r=0.10)influenced mental health indirectly by the mediation of self-esteem;APGAR(r=4.89)influenced mental health by the mediation of social support.Conclusions:(1)There were differences on life events,APGAR, perceived social support,simple coping style,personality,and self-esteem between left-behind and non left-behind JMSS.(2)"Being left-behind or not" was one of the factors which influenced the mental health of rural JMSS.(3)Personality(P,N),life events were the most important direct influential factors,social support,APGAR,positive and negative coping styles,self-esteem were the intermediary factors.Negative coping styles and APGAR could buffer the impact of life events on the mental health; Self-esteem can buffer the impact of personality,APGAR on mental health;while social support could buffer the impact of APGAR on mental health.更多还原