从宪法平等权看人身损害死亡赔偿中的差别对待问题

【作者】 赵娟；

【导师】 季金华；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文研究和论述的主旨在于从宪法平等权的视角看人身损害死亡赔偿中的差别对待问题。通过对平等权和差别对待的法理分析及现实中平等权和差别对待的现状分析,以期能够寻找到一个更加完善的人身损害死亡赔偿标准的模式。平等权的产生是人类社会文明进步的产物和标志。平等权的内容包含着许多层面,涵盖了社会的政治经济文化等多个方面,也包括了物质层面与精神层面。从精神层面上来讲即从生命权人格权的角度来讲人与人之间是无差别的,但在现实的经济交往中人们之间由于自然原因、个人能力等方面的因素是存在差异的。平等并不排除合理的差别,但是合理差别必须在一定的限度内,超出了这个限度就是不合理的,如最高人民法院2004年5月1日起施行的《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题》的规定中对生命权造成损害的进行死亡赔偿采用的是一种城乡差别标准,如此不平等的规定引起了众多反响。这种不合理的差别对待是在许多错综复杂的因素的综合作用下产生的,我们需要进一步明确的是我国当今死亡赔偿金的计算方式与制度设计的初衷产生了较大的逻辑断裂,但是其不平等的根源并不在于城乡差别,也不在于行业、地域等因素,它是建立在继承损失说的基础之上,要真正实现对生命权的平等救济,应当去除彰显城乡差别、体现户口歧视的那张标签并仔细权衡其他引发赔偿差别的参数的合理性,形成一个主辅标准,即以生命价值的补偿为主以经济损害赔偿为辅的标准,可以借鉴日本关于死亡损害赔偿的判例,通过扎扎实实的制度建设让人们明白“生命本无价”以及死亡所引发的客观损害本不相同等道理,使得我国的赔偿制度能够向着更加完善的方向发展,真正实现公民生命权的平等保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation aims at researching the different treatment issues in the personal injury death compensation from the perspective of the right of constitution equality .Through the legal analysis on the right of equality and different treatments and the reality of equal rights and different treatment of the status, trying to find a more suitable personal injury death compensation standard model.The right of equality is a product and sign of human civilization process. The content of the right of equality contains many levels, covering many aspects of the politics、economy and culture, and many other aspects, including the level of material and spiritual dimensions. Talking from the spiritual level that is the right to live from the perspective of moral rights, there is no difference between people, but in reality the economic exchanges between people due to natural causes, and personal ability which are different. Equality does not preclude a reasonable difference, but they must be reasonable differences within the limits ,if they are ,beyond this limit ,they are unreasonable, for example the Supreme People’s Court has gone into effect "on personal injury compensation cases before the law applicable to a number of issues " on May 1, 2004. The damage of the right of life caused by the death compensation is different between urban and rural; such inequality has caused numerous responses. This unreasonable difference treatment is caused by many complex factors. What we need to define further today is the death compensation system and the method of calculating the original intention of designing the logic of creating a greater fracture, but the root of inequality between rural and urban areas is not within the city and county, or geographic or other factors, it is established on the basis of the loss in succession, if we are trying to truly achieve equality of the right of life of relief, we should remove the label between urban and rural and carefully weigh the reasonableness between other parameters trigger compensation ,a standard that is a main -auxiliary compensation to the value of life is based on the economic damages, to supplement by the standards; we can learn from Japan death damages Case. Let people understand that "Life is priceless" and damage caused by death is not the same, our country’s system of compensation will become better and better.更多还原