【作者】 王亮；

【导师】 史翎； 张军营；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 由于纳米粒子表面缺少相邻的原子,粒子间相互作用力大,易发生团聚。纳米粒子的分散和与聚合物的相容性是制备高性能纳米复合材料关键问题和研究热点问题。对纳米粒子进行表面改性是提高纳米粒子在聚合物中的分散和相容性的简便有效方法之一。本文选择带有特定官能团的有机物来对纳米碳酸钙和纳米氧化铝进行表面改性,以期改善它们在聚合物中分散性的同时在纳米粒子表面引入特定官能团,使改性后的纳米碳酸钙和纳米氧化铝可以与某些聚合物发生化学键合,从而显著提高纳米粒子与聚合物的界面结合程度。主要工作如下:1、采用对乙烯基苯磺酸钠（SSS）改性纳米碳酸钙,使纳米碳酸钙表面带有乙烯基。通过红外表征、沉降体积测试可以确定对乙烯基苯磺酸钠物理吸附在纳米碳酸钙表面,同时得到最佳实验条件:W_（SSS）:W_（CaCO3）=3:100、反应温度80℃、调节PH值6至7之间、反应时间2小时。2、采用对氨基苯甲酸改性纳米碳酸钙,使纳米碳酸钙表面带有氨基。通过红外表征和沉降体积测试,推断对氨基苯甲酸有可能物理吸附在纳米碳酸钙表面,同时得到最合适实验条件:W_{（对氨基苯甲酸）}:W_（CaCO3）=4:100、反应温度70℃、反应时间2小时。3、采用二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（DMDAAC）改性纳米碳酸钙,使纳米碳酸钙表面带有乙烯基。通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和沉降体积测试证明了二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵吸附在纳米碳酸钙表面,同时得到最合适的实验条件:W_（DMDAAC）:W_（CaCO3）=7:100、反应温度85℃、反应时间2小时。4、采用共轭亚油酸改性纳米碳酸钙,通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电镜（TEM）和热失重（TG）证实了共轭亚油酸以化学键结合在纳米碳酸钙表面使其带有共轭双键。通过分析反应物比例、反应温度和反应时间对改性后纳米碳酸钙活化度的影响确定了最佳实验条件:W_（CLA）∶W_（CaCO3）=5:100（原料配比是最重要的影响因素）;反应温度75℃左右;反应时间1小时左右。5、采用硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）改性纳米氧化铝,通过红外光谱、TG和XPS分析证实了KH550以化学键结合在纳米氧化铝表面使其带有氨基。通过沉降体积分析得到最佳实验条件:W_（KH550）:W_（Al2O3）=3:100、反应温度80℃、反应时间4小时。6、在应用研究中发现,改性后纳米氧化铝粉体的加入使水性聚氨酯漆膜的硬度有一定的增加,与未改性的纳米氧化铝相比,改性后的纳米氧化铝对水性聚氨酯漆膜的硬度提高更大。同时,纳米氧化铝粉体能较大程度地改善水性聚氨酯漆膜的耐磨性能,同未改性的纳米氧化铝粉体相比,用KH550改性后的纳米氧化铝对水性聚氨酯涂料的耐磨性提高更大。在环氧树脂拉伸剪切强度试验中发现,添加了改性后纳米氧化铝的环氧树脂拉伸剪切强度较添加了未改性纳米氧化铝的环氧树脂有不小的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nano-particles have high surface activity and a great inclination to agglomerate due to the lack of coordinate atoms on the surfaces.Dispersion of nano-particles and the interfacial compatibility between nano-particles and polymer are key questions and research hotspots on preparing high performance nano-composite materials.Surface modification of nano-particles is a simple and effective way to ameliorate the dispersion of nano-particles and the interfacial compatibility between nano-particles and polymer.In this thesis,some organic compounds with certain functional groups were used for modifying nano-calcium carbonate and nano- aluminum oxide, which can bring certain functional groups onto surface of those nano-particles. In this way those modified nano-particles and polymer can be linked by chemical bond.Consequently,the interface between nano-particles and polymer becomes firm remarkably.Main work as follow:1、Nano-calcium carbonate is modified by benzenesulfonic acid 4-ethenyl- sodium salt（SSS）which brings vinyl onto surface of nano-calcium carbonate.It is certain that nano-calcium carbonate is absorbed by SSS in physical process by analyzing infrared spectrum、settlement volume.The optimal experimental condition is that:W_（SSS）:W_（CaCO3）=3:100,reaction temperature =80℃,PH= 6～7,reaction time =2 hours.2、Nano-calcium carbonate is modified by 4-Aminobenzoic acid which brings amido onto the surface of nano-calcium carbonate.It is likely that nano-calcium carbonate is absorbed by 4-Aminobenzoic acid in physical process by analyzing infrared spectrum and settlement volume.The optimal experimental condition is that:W_{（4-Aminobenzoic acid）}:W_（CaCO3）=4:100,reaction temperature =70℃,reaction time =2 hours.3、There are vinyls on the surface of nano-calcium carbonate which was modified by diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride（DMDAAC）.It is certain that nano-calcium carbonate is absorbed by DMDAAC by analyzing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）and settlement volume.The optimal experimental condition is that:W_（DMDAAC）:W_（CaCO3）=7:100,reaction temperature =85℃,reaction time =2 hours.4、Conjugated linoleic acid（CLA）is used for modifying nano-calcium carbonate.By analyzing XPS、Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）and weight loss,it is certain that nano-calcium carbonate and CLA are integrated by chemical bond and conjugated double bond is brought onto the surface of nano-calcium carbonate.The optimal experimental condition is that:W_（CCA）: W_（CaCO3）=5:100,reaction temperature =75℃,reaction time = 1 hours.5、Amino propyltriethoxysilane（KH550）is used for modifying nano-aluminum oxide.By analyzing infrared spectrum,XPS and weight loss, it is certain that nano-aluminum oxide and KH550 are integrated by chemical bond and amido is brought onto the surface of nano-calcium carbonate.By analyzing settlement volume,the optimal experimental condition is obtained: W_（KH550）:W_（Al2O3）=5:100,reaction temperature =80℃,reaction time =4 hours.6、In application research,it is found that the coating of waterborne polyurethane with modified nano-aluminum oxide has a higher hardness than the coating of pure waterborne polyurethane.Compared to the coating of waterborne polyurethane with unmodified nano-aluminum oxide,the coating of waterborne polyurethane with modified nano-aluminum oxide has a higher hardness too.At the same time,compared to the coating of waterborne polyurethane with unmodified nano-aluminum oxide,the coating of waterborne polyurethane with modified nano-aluminum oxide has a greater enhance on abradability.In the test of shear strength of epoxy resin,the epoxy resin with modified nano-aluminum oxide has higher shear strength than the epoxy resin with unmodified nano-aluminum oxide.更多还原