【作者】 孙峰；

【导师】 罗国振；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 社会学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 个体记忆对人类生活的重要性毋庸置疑。然而,个体与社会无法分割,由此决定了记忆既有其独特的个体性质,同时又具有社会性质。社会记忆同个体记忆一起制约个体生存和社会发展。但是,由于对社会记忆的研究缺少固定范式和研究中心,社会记忆的研究并没有为主流社会学所关注。然而,随着后现代主义的兴起,社会记忆理论以其独特的理论魅力吸引了越来越多地研究者们的注意和关注。本文以哈布瓦赫的集体记忆理论与康纳顿的社会记忆理论的比较为线索,着重探讨三个问题:一是哈布瓦赫的集体记忆理论与康纳顿的社会记忆理论对社会记忆的分析维度及内在联系。二是总结、分析和探讨集体记忆理论与社会记忆理论的联系和二者的区别,并从三个维度进行探讨,即“集体记忆”与“社会记忆”内涵的比较;哈布瓦赫与康纳顿对记忆过程的不同阐述;“集体记忆”的缺失与“社会记忆”的发展。通过对这三个维度的比较分析及“集体记忆”与“社会记忆”的理论重心的分析,找出从“集体记忆”到“社会记忆”的必然发展趋势。哈布瓦赫的“集体记忆”关注的是和谐统一的集体,“集体记忆”通过社会交际来维持的,人们分享同一的记忆。而康纳顿的“社会记忆”重视的是“社会记忆”的传承与维持,他认为,纪念仪式、习惯操演和身体实践是“社会记忆”得以保持和传承的关键。集体记忆理论以现在中心观为核心,强调社会建构对“集体记忆”的影响。回忆是为现在时刻的需要服务的,因而也是断裂的。社会记忆理论则更多地强调社会记忆的传递性和连续性,康纳顿强调规则与运用之间的差距,他认为,我们不但需要记住规则,而且需要有关操演这种规则的记忆。最后,通过对“集体记忆”与“社会记忆”的总结及比较分析,提出自己的理论观点,着力分析社会记忆理论的成就及其存在的缺陷,并在这一过程中,了解社会记忆理论有待完善的方面及其发展趋势。进而,理论联系实践,分析社会记忆理论对中国社会的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Individual memory is quite important to human life. However, the individual and the society can not be divided, which determines that individual memory has both the unique individual character and its social nature. Social memory constraints on the individual survival and the social development together with individual memory, But there are no fixed model and research center to study on social memory, so the research on social memory has not been paid close attention to. However, with the rise of postmodernism, the theory of social memory has attracted more and more researchers with its unique charm. This paper takes the theory’s comparison between the collective memory theory of Halbwachs and the social memory theory of Connerton as a clue, to discuss three issues emphatically.The first part is the analysis dimension and inner link between Halbwachs’ "collective memory" and Connerton’s "social memory".In the second part, we are going to summarize and analyze the link and difference between "collective memory" and "social memory". And they can be explored on the following dimensions, namely the connotation comparison of "collective memory" and "social memory", different explanations to memory process , flaws in "collective memory" and the development of "social memory". Through the three dimensions of comparison and analysis of "collective memory" and "social memory". Through the three dimensions of comparison and analysis of "collective memory" and "social memory", the developmental trend of social memory theory could be found out.What Halbwachs’s "collective memory" concerns is the harmonious collective. And "collective memory" is maintained through social communication, that is, people share the same memory. But what Connerton’s "social memory" thinks highly of is the inheritance and the maintenance of social memory. In his opinion, the ceremony, the habit of exercise and the physical practice are key points for "social memory" to maintain and inherit. The "collective memory" takes the present centre view as the core, stresses that the social construction impacts on the "collective memory". The recollection is frequently needs to serve for the present, so it is also the rupture. The "social memory" puts more emphasis on the transitivity and the continuity of social memory. Connerton stressed that the gap between the rules and the utilization. In his view, we need not only to remember the rules, but also to drill this kind of regular memory.Finally, through the summary and the comparative analysis, I propose my own viewpoint and try to analyze the achievement and the flaw of social memory theory. And during the process, I’ll try to understand the social memory’s consummated trend of development. Furthermore, it’s significant to use the theory to analyze the practical problems in China.更多还原