【作者】 林艳；

【导师】 方平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪初,民族主义被唤醒于中华大地。一系列的收回路权、矿权运动在在中国各省轰然兴起。1905年-1911年江浙两省人民反对借用英款修筑苏杭甬铁路的斗争,因其持续时间之长、斗争规模之大、参与范围之广而成为其中悲壮的一幕。铁路风潮好比一个大舞台,不同的社会阶层扮演着不同的角色,士绅阶层因其社会功能的特殊性居于舞台的中心,故考察风潮颇有助于认识士绅群体。铁路风潮的发生以新政和预备立宪为大背景,风潮中官、绅关系的变化,实是晚清社会官、绅关系的一个折射。鉴此,本论文以苏杭甬铁路风潮作为研究个案,主要考察风潮中官、绅关系的变化,以期加深对发生在一个世纪以前的这场铁路风潮的认识,明晰士绅在此次风潮中的角色,认识晚清的士绅群体。同时,也希望对认识辛亥革命后东南士绅迅速转向革命的历史事实,提供些许思考。除绪论、结语外,论文正文共四章。绪论部分,回顾了本专题的研究现状,总结已有研究所取得的成果并说明尚存的拓展空间,在此基础上明确本文的研究意义和研究思路。第一章为苏杭甬铁路风潮概说。重点从苏杭甬铁路之缘起、英商承办苏杭甬路之由来、苏杭甬路自办之缘起三个方面来介绍苏杭甬铁路风潮的起因。得出风潮直接起因于浙赣铁路风波的结论。该章对于风潮的两个阶段及尾声只是简要概述,以便于后面各章展开论述。第二章探讨了废草约初期的官、绅关系。其时,清政府实行鼓励商办的铁路政策,士绅阶层对借外款修路颇为抵制,基于此,官、绅双方在废约运动初期呈现出良好的合作态势,但是这种合作只是暂时的和表面的。第三章分析了勘路、订正约及拒借外款时期的官、绅关系。在这一阶段,英方不断要求勘路、订正约乃至借款,江浙地方则始终坚拒英人之请,坚持铁路自办,这使得清政府一度处于两难的困境,其政策也一度游移不定。形势在清政府的两难与游移中日益复杂。第四章阐述了废除存款章程及革职保汤阶段的官、绅关系。这一时期,“借债筑路”成为清廷邮传部的铁路政策,基于此,清廷对商办沪杭甬路百般打击,江浙士绅则毫不屈服,针锋相对地与其进行了斗争,甚至最后未经清政府允准,废除了存款章程,撤消了设在两公司之上的沪杭甬路局,辞退了英工程师。结语部分,对通篇论文进行总结。一则对风潮本身进行认识,二则分析风潮中官、绅关系的变化,三则明晰士绅在风潮中的角色定位及功能变化。研究表明,晚清十一年,士绅与清政府之间渐行渐远,辛亥革命后士绅迅速转向革命实渊源有自。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the early 20th century,nationalism was awakened in China,so a series of Rights Recovery Movements happened in many provinces of China.The action of opposing using British money to construct Su-hang-yong railway ,which happened in Jiangsu、Zhejiang provinces and last from 1905 to 1911,was one of the great movements for its long duration、great size and broad participation. On one hand,the railway action is just like a stage,different stratums play different roles,but the gentry act as the main role for its specil social function,so it is very helpful for us to understand them through the railway action. On the other hand,the New Deal and the Preparatory Constitution is the background of the railway action,so from the action we can see the change of the relationship between the authority and the gentry not only in the action but also in Late Qing Dynasty. Based on the two points above,this article takes the Su-hang-yong railway action as a case to study the relationship between the authority and the gentry,hoping to know the action deeply,to understand the role of the gentry in the action and in Late Qing Dynasty, at the same time,to give some thoughts to understand why the gentry in south-east China moved to revolution so quickly after the Revolution of 1911.The article includes four chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusion.The introduction brings forward the significance of this article and explains the layout of the article after reviewing the study about Su-hang-yong railway action.Chapter one is a summary of Su-hang-yong railway action.This part focusing on introducing the reason of the action,comes to the conclusion that the direct reason of this action is Zhe-gan railway movement.This chapter also has a general introduction of the two phases and the end of the action,in order to give a detail discussion in the chapters below.Chapter two studys the relationship between the authority and the gentry in the early phase of abolishing the informal treaty. At that time,the authority encourages the businessmen to construct railway themselves,the gentry opposes borrowing foreign money for the railway,so the two sides cooperate very well.But the cooperation is temporary and just a surface.Chapter three researches the relationship between the authority and the gentry in the phase of surveying the routes、signing the treaty and refusing using foreign money.In this phase,the British side requests surveying the routes、signing the treaty and lending money continuously,but the gentry refuses their demands persistly all the way.So the Qing government faces a dilemma and doesn’t know what to do ,and the situation becomes more complicated then.Chapter four explains the relationship between the authority and the gentry in the phase of abolishing the doposits rule and retaining Mr Tang Shouqian.At this time,the Qing government makes the policy of borrowing foreign money to construct the railway,besides it destroys the businessmen-do Su-hang-yong railway.In this situation,the gentry of Zhejiang and Jiangsu don’t yield,instead they struggle against the government firmly,at last they abolish the deposits rule、withdraw Su-hang-yong bureau、dismiss the British engineer without the permission of the government.The conclusion is a sum-up of the whole article.First to comment the action itself,then the change of the relationship between the authority and the gentry in the action,then the change of the role and function of the gentry in the action.At last,the article comes to the conclusion that in the eleven years of Late Qing Dynasty,the distance between the Qing government and the gentry becomes farther and farther, the gentry’s quick movement to revolution after the Revolution of 1911 has deep historical reasons.更多还原