【作者】 范旭丽；

【导师】 李德志；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 环境资源的空间和时间异质性在自然界普遍存在,是自然环境的基本属性。任何植株都生长于时空异质分布的生境中。克隆植物以克隆生长为基础形成的克隆构件性以及生理整合特性使克隆植物获得比非克隆植物更为丰富的可塑性,以其独特的方式适应着时空异质性生境。本文以匍匐茎型克隆植物结缕草(Zoysiajaponica Steud.)为研究对象,应用实验生态学方法研究了结缕草对环境资源的时空耦合异质生境的响应策略。光照及水分是影响植物形态建成、存活、生长发育、繁殖以及分布的基本资源和关键因素之一。本文结果表明,光照及水分资源的时间异质格局与空间异质格局能够以相互耦合的方式对结缕草的克隆生长格局产生复杂影响。当环境资源的空间异质性格局对结缕草生长不利时,通过时间异质性格局的改变,可以在一定程度上缓解空间异质格局造成的不利影响。当环境资源的空间异质格局对克隆植株的生长有利时,若时间异质性格局也对植株有利,则两者的影响叠加将大大增大植株的生存能力和竞争力。而当时间异质性格局与空间异质格局对植株的影响效应相反时,两者对植株的作用可以抵消或缩小。环境资源的时间异质性格局可以放大或缩小空间异质性对植株造成的影响效应。结缕草对环境资源空间异质性格局所发生的可塑性响应,需要在一定的时间尺度内加以体现。结缕草植株所出生境资源的空间和时间尺度能够在一定程度上影响其响应策略的权衡关系。植株对空间异质性的响应表现不是绝对固定的,由于克隆植物的生理整合效应的存在,分株能够对相邻斑块资源状况发生非局部响应,这时,时间异质性尺度的变化可以改变空间异质性对植株的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tempo-spatial heterogeneity of resources in environment is ubiquitous, and heterogeneity is basic nature of environment. All the plants live in the in tempo-spatial heterogeneous habitats. The clonal plants possess more plasticities than non-clonal plants due to the properties of clonal modularities and physiological integration, which enhance the adaptive ability of clonal plants to the tempo-spatial heterogeneous habitats. The adaptive strategies of Zoysia japonica to the tempo-spatial heterogeneous habitats were studied through experimental ecological methods.The light intensity and soil moisture are the basic resources and key factors affecting the morphogenesis, survival, growth, production and distribution of plants. The results showed that the tempo-spatial heterogeneity of light and soil moisture have intricate influence on the clonal growth pattern of Zoysia japonica. The change of temporal heterogeneity pattern could buffer the effects of the spatial heterogeneity to some extent when the spatial heterogeneity pattern of resources in environments was unfavorable to the growth of Zoysia japonica. The effects of temporal heterogeneity of resources in environments could counteract or reduce those of spatial heterogeneity on the clonal plants. The temporal heterogeneous pattern of environmental resources could magnify or buffer the effects of spatial heterogeneity.The plastic responses of Zoysia japonica to spatial heterogeneous pattern could be observed in certain time scales. The scale of space and time in the habitat the Zoysia japonica could influence on the tradeoff of the response strategies to some extent. The responses of plants to the special heterogeneity isn’t changeless, the ramets could show response to the neighbor habitats due to the integrity of clonal plants, but this responses can be changed by the scale of temporal heterogeneity.更多还原