【作者】 韩昌隆；

【导师】 李学良；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 文中选用秸秆原料作为炭源,利用秸秆具有天然的植物纤维结构,通过对秸秆炭化、活化等步骤制备了超级炭,并应用于超级电容器。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了活性炭材料的表面形貌,利用等温氮吸脱附测定了材料的比表面积与孔结构,通过循环伏安测试(CV)、计时电势测试与交流阻抗测试(EIS),研究了材料的电容性能。分析了原料种类、炭化条件、活化方法、活化条件、控温方式对制备的活性炭结构和性能的影响。测试了电极材料在不同电解液中的电容性能,分析了电极配比、电容器组装对结果的作用。在活性炭的孔结构与电容性能研究的基础上,采用数据分析与乙腈浸润炭的热重实验相结合的方法探讨电极材料的结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明所合成的活性炭材料表面具有蜂窝状的形貌,大的比表面积和优异的电容性能。制备过程对活性炭的性能具有重要影响,较高温度下制备的活性炭适于用作有机系超级电容器电极材料,而较低温度下制备的活性炭适于用作水系超级电容器电极材料。在水系电解液中,比电容值超过400 F/g,在有机电解液中比电容值达到251.1 F/g。在研究了氧化镍超电容性质的基础上,进行了氧化镍等过渡金属化合物与活性炭的复合超电容材料的制备和研究。通过在活化过程中加入金属化合物从而对活性炭改性;同时,采用活性炭浸渍负载金属化合物对活性炭改性;对活性炭复合电极材料的超电容性能进行了研究。结果表明复合电极材料的使用电势范围变宽。文中进行了充放电测试和远程监控系统的开发。基于LabVIEW图形化编程平台,使用研华PCI-1710HG多功能数据采集卡构建多通道系统。在此系统基础上构建了充放电测试和远程监控系统,进行了超级电容器充放电测试。同时通过适当的改进,将这一系统应用于溶液电导的测定、凝固点测定等实验。结果表明所构建的多通道系统界面友好,操作方便,不仅具有多通道、快速采集的优势,而且系统易于维护、便于扩充,可根据具体需要,灵活修改,同时还能实现远程监控。更多还原

【Abstract】 The straw had natural plant fiber structure, so it was chose as carbon source. The activated carbon for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) was prepared from straw by carbonization and subsequent activation.The morphologies of the as-prepared activated carbon were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The specific surface area and pore structure were determined by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K. And the capacitance performances were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Chronopotentiometry, AC impedance (EIS). Then, the effect of raw material species, carbonized conditions, activated conditions, activated methods and temperature controlling ways was researched. The capacitance performances in different electrolytes were determined. And the influences of electrode mixture ratio and fabricating process on the results were analyzed. Based on the pore structures and capacitance performances of activated carbons, the relation between structure and performance of electrode material was discussed by experimental data analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of AN impregnated carbon.The results revealed the as-prepared activated carbon had the honeycomb-like morphology, large specific surface area and excellent capacitance performance. The preparing process had an important effect on the performance of the as-prepared activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared at high temperature was apt to electrode material of EDLCs in organic electrolytes, however it prepared at low temperature was apt to that in inorganic electrolytes. The specific capacitance exceeded 400 F/g in inorganic electrolyte, and it reached 251.1 F/g in organic electrolyte.Based on the researches of nickel oxide capacitance performances, nickel oxide and other transition metal compounds/activated carbon composite electrode materials were prepared and researched. On the one hand, the activated carbon was modified in the activated process by adding metal compounds, and on the other hand, it was modified by soakage. The capacitance performances of composite electrode materials were researched. The results indicated that their usable potential range became wide.The researches on charge-discharge test and remote monitoring system were carried out. Based on LabVIEW, the multi-channel system was fabricated using Advantech PCI-1710HG multifunctional data acquisition card. The charge-discharge test and remote monitoring system were established and applied to EDLC charge-discharge test. After modification of the system, it applied to many experiments, such as electrolyte conductance measurements, freezing point measurements. The results showed that the system had friendly operation panel, and it not only had the advantages of multi-channel and quick acquisition, but also was easy to be maintained and added, and it could carry out remote monitoring of experiments.更多还原