【作者】 郭以伟；

【导师】 王爱玲；

【作者基本信息】 中北大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在机械加工中,为了降低切削温度,延长刀具使用寿命,提高生产效率和表面质量,一般均要使用切削液。然而切削液的使用也带来了负面影响,如对环境的污染、工人健康的危害以及加工成本的增加。目前切削加工中切削液对环境资源的破坏,越来越引起人们的重视,政府为此制定了相关的政策,使得越来越多的制造企业减少或不使用切削液。因此,越来越多的新式的无危害的绿色切削技术成为21世纪机械制造领域的焦点,成为了各国研究的重点。微量油膜附水滴切削冷却润滑液属于一种新型绿色切削加工技术,该切削液具有廉价、无污染、无危害及勿回收等优点,因此对微量油膜附水滴切削加工技术进行深入研究,具有重要的理论意义和使用意义。在综述国内外绿色切削技术发展状况的基础上,对微量油膜附水滴绿色冷却润滑技术研究现状及课题来源和研究意义进行了说明。本文阐述了微量油膜附水滴切削液的形成原理及方法,并对其形成效果进行了实验分析。本文利用实验室开发的微量油膜附水滴喷雾装置,进行了车削加工的冷却润滑,从不同角度分析了微量油膜附水滴切削液的冷却润滑性能和在改善加工表面质量方面的特征。通过从不同喷射角度和不同喷射压力条件下进行试验研究对比,并选择对45碳素结构钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢作为试验材料进行了车削试验研究,试验结果表明:使用微量油膜附水滴切削液比在干切削、乳化液切削条件下,三方向的切削力均要小,而且采用对刀具后刀面进行喷射时,这种效果更明显;切削液的冷却作用,有效地带走了切削热,降低了切削温度,能提高刀具的耐用度,在对刀具的耐用度的研究中,对45碳素结构刚切削时,后刀面喷射时的刀具寿命分别是干切削、乳化液切削时的1.57倍、1.46倍。对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢切削时,后刀面喷射时的刀具寿命分别是干切削、乳化液切削时的1.54倍、1.14倍;在对加工表面质量的研究中,微量油膜附水滴同样能够起到降低表面粗糙度的效果,使工件表面质量得到提高。在改变喷射压力的条件下进行车削试验研究,研究发现:在压缩空气、水和可降解油剂喷射压力条件为2.0MPa、0.8 MPa、0.5 MPa时,在降低切削力、延长刀具寿命和工件表面质量方面产生的冷却润滑效果较好,而较小的压力作用下,效果相对较差。采用微量油膜附水滴切削技术可降低切削力、减小刀具的磨损、提高工件表面加工质量,作为新型的、清洁的、有效的切削方式有很大的发展前途,是一种行之有效的绿色切削制造技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the machining process, cutting fluid is usually used to reduce cutting force, lower cutting temperature, extend tool life and enhance machining efficiency and surface finish quality during machining. However, conventional cutting fluid also have bad effect on environmental、health problem and the increase of production costs. The current attention to the environmental impacts of machining processes by governmental regulations has been forcing manufacturers to reduce or eliminate the amount of wastes. Therefore, more and more new green cutting method has become focus of attention in manufacture field in the 21th century. The investigation of pollution-free and eco-friendly green cutting technique has been predominant emphasis in each country. Because Oils on water (OoW) cutting fluid is cheap, pollution-free, eco-friendly and no recovery, the cutting technology that OoW cutting fluid is used as coolants and lubricants is a new green cutting technique. According above, we issued a study on action mechanism and experiments with OoW as coolant and lubricant in green cutting, which is a frontier project in the world. Some researching results of theory significance and application value have been drawn.Based on reviewing the developing of green cutting technique in the world, the present research status & application value of OoW, and the study source was explained. In this paper, the investigation of the formation mechanism and method is explained with OoW cutting fluid, and experimental study of its formation effect.The cutting research has been carried out by using Oils on Water(OoW) spray device, and analyzed the cooling and lubrication effect of OoW cutting fluid, and the effect on improve the quality of surface machining characteristics from different spray angles.The experiments was studied with OoW cutting fluid under different spray angles and different spray pressure, and using 45 carbon structural steel and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel as experiments material. The experiments results showed: with OoW as coolants and lubricants, the main cutting force、the path force and the feed force with are lower than cutting force using dry cutting method and oil water emulsion cutting method. And the effect on reduce cutting force was more obvious when OoW cutting fluid spray at flank face. Cutting fluid cooling effect can effectively cutting away the heat and reduce cutting temperature. So it can improve the tool life. In the experiment studied of tool life, the tool life, using Oils on Water(OoW) cutting fluid spray direction at flank face, is 1.57 times、1.46 times compared to the tool life using dry cutting method and oil water emulsion cutting method when cutting 45 carbon steel process; and is 1.54 times、1.14 times compared to the tool life using dry cutting method and oil water emulsion cutting method when cutting 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel process. On the experiments studied of surface finish, Oils on Water (OoW) cutting fluid can also effective reduce surface roughness compared to dry cutting method and oil water emulsion method, therefore, surface quality was improved.In the cutting experiments studied by change Oils on Water(OoW) cutting fluid spray pressure, it is also found that the effect on reduce cutting force、extend tool life and surface quality was obvious when compress air pressure at 2.0MPa、water and biodegradable oil injection pressure at 0.8MPa and 0.5MPa.However, the effect of OoW cutting fluid was not so good with low pressure.更多还原