【作者】 李军；

【导师】 李艳翎；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 注意是指人的心理活动对一定对象的指向与集中,是人类心理发展、认识世界、改造世界的心理前提和基础。注意作为众多心理因素的基础与桥梁,对比赛结果起着决定性作用。返回抑制是指对先前注意的位置上进行反应所表现出的滞后现象,是选择性注意的一个重要现象。它有助于注意脱离先前的注意位置转向新的空间位置,提高注意在视觉空间中搜索的效率,反映了人类注意的灵活性和对复杂环境的适应性。对运动员的返回抑制特点进行深入的研究,在理论上有助于人类了解返回抑制的本质;在运动实践上,对提高心理选材、训练定向、训练状态监控起着积极的指导作用。返回抑制的时间进程一般是指出现返回抑制的SOA(线索开始呈现到靶子开始呈现之间的时间间隔);返回抑制的容量是探讨抑制效应最多可以发生在多少个先前注意过的空间位置上,两者分别从时间和数量的维度反映了个体的返回抑制特征。为了深入了解优秀运动员的返回抑制特征,本研究选取了两种不同注意类型运动项目的蹦床运动员和篮球运动员以及普通大学生,通过采用简单辨别任务的返回抑制的时间进程和觉察任务的返回抑制容量实验,进行对比分析,得出以下结论:1、与普通大学生相比,蹦床运动员的返回抑制出现在更长的SOA中,蹦床运动员的返回抑制能力较弱;蹦床运动员的返回抑制容量与普通大学生大致相当。总的说来,蹦床运动员的返回抑制能力略低于普通大学生。2、与普通大学生相比,篮球运动员在更短的SOA中出现了返回抑制,并且抑制效应具有高度显著性;篮球运动员的返回抑制容量明显大于普通大学生。说明篮球运动员比普通大学生具有更好的返回抑制能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Attention is the orienting and focus of certain objects, Also is the mental prerequisite and basis of human psychological development, understand and transform. As the basis of many psychological factors and bridges, attention played a decisive role on the results of the competition.Inhibition of Return (IOR) is the hysteresis phenomenon shown by the reaction of the previous note on the location and it is a significant phenomenon to selective attention. It helps the attention of the previous location to the new space of location, increased attention’s search efficiency in the visual space, reflecting evolutionary adaptation of the human about the complex environment. In order to understand the athletes IOR characteristics, the study has selected two different types of attention: Trampolist and Basketball players, as well as ordinary college students, By use of simple task to identify the time course of IOR and aware of the capacity of IOR, After compared, analysis, the result of the research shown that:1. Compared with ordinary students, Trampolist’s IOR appeared in the longer SOA; IOR of the Trampolist capacity is equal with the ordinary college students. In general, the IOR ability of ’ Trampolists is low than ordinary college students. 2. Compared with ordinary students, Basketball players has emerged the IOR in a short period of SOA, and the inhibitory effect was significant, highly; the IOR capacity of the Basketball Players is significantly larger than ordinary college students. that is to say the IOR of The basketball players is better than the ordinary college students.更多还原