【作者】 杨奇勇；

【导师】 李景保；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 水文学水资源， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 水是一切生命活动的基础。随着社会经济的发展和人类生活水平的不断提高,人们对水资源的需求量也越来越多。因此,水资源问题、水资源合理开发利用的问题也越来越受到全球的关注。湖南省虽然有着丰富的水资源,但是由于水资源时空分布不均,由于近年来重开发,轻保护,造成水资源污染严重。部分地区的水资源已经出现了供需紧张的局面,难以满足社会经济的快速发展和人口迅速增长的需要。因此,摸清湖南省水资源的现状,综合评价湖南省目前的水资源开发利用程度意义深远。本文在可持续发展理论的指导下,借鉴现有的国内外的研究成果,利用数理统计学的方法对湖南省的14个地州市的水资源进行了较为全面的分析,利用灰色系统理论筛选了影响湖南省水资源开发利用的主要因素,建立了合符湖南省实际情况的水资源开发利用程度综合评价梯阶层次模型,并对湖南省14个地州市的水资源开发利用程度进行了综合评价。评价结果表明:湖南省水资源开发利用程度不高,按水资源开发利用程度从高到低排序依次为长沙＞湘潭＞衡阳＞岳阳＞株洲＞娄底＞郴州＞益阳＞常德＞永州＞邵阳＞张家界＞怀化＞湘西土家苗族自治州。湖南省水资源开发利用程度等级的高低与各地州市的经济发展水平相适应。从水资源开发利用程度的等级划分来看,长沙、湘潭等地州市水资源开发利用程度高,占全省地州市数目的14.3%;衡阳、岳阳、株洲、娄底、郴州、益阳、常德、永州、邵阳等地州市水资源开发利用程度中等,占全省地州市数目的64.3%;张家界、怀化、湘西土家苗族自治州等地州市水资源开发利用程度低,占全省地州市数目的21.4%。从各等级的地区分布来看,湖南省水资源开发利用程度较高的地区主要集中在湖南省的中部、东部,水资源开发利用程度低的地区主要集中湖南省的西部、西北部。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is the base of all lives in the world. Along with the economy and civilization development of society, the demands of the water resources have becoming lager and lager. As a result, the question of water resources and the utilization of it has become a tremendous focus all over the world. Hunan province is abundant in water resources, however, the distribution of water resources is various from one district to another in Hunan province, the same as the quantity of water resources varies with the seasons changing. And in the recent years paying much attention to exploitation rather than to protection on water resources, Hunan province has confronted with the severe pollution of water quality. Some districts in Hunan province has confronted with the severe shortage state of water resources supply and demand, which can’t keep up with the developments of their economy and population. So it is very imperative for us to know the qualities of water resources, the distribution of it as well as the water resources exploitation level in Hunan Province.Be equipped with the theory of sustainable development and the research results both at home and abroad, the 14 districts’s water resources in Hunan Province are comprehensively analyzed by using the way of statistics. The indexes influencing the grade of water resource exploiting are filtered by using the theory and method of grey system, which make it better to establish stage structure model of indexes for comprehensive evaluation of water resource exploiting in Hunan Province. And the water resources exploitations of 14 districts in Hunan Province are comprehensively evaluated.The outcomes of the research make it clear that levels of water resource exploiting in the 14 districts of Hunan Province are low, which are on speaking terms with their standards of economic development. According to the levels of water resource exploiting in the 14 districts, from high to low, the names are: Changsha, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Yueyang, Zuzhou, Loudi, Chenzhou, Yiyang, Changde, Yongzhou, Shaoyang, Zhangjiajie, Huaihua and the Autonomy of Miao Tribe.In accordance with their levels of water resource exploiting, the higher grades are Changsha ang Xiangtan, which accounting for 14.3% in all the districts of Hunan Province; the medium grades are Hengyang, Yueyang, Zuzhou and ect, which accounting for 64.3% in all the districts of Hunan Province; the lower grades are Zhangjiajie, Huaihua and the Autonomy of Miao Tribe, which accounting for 21.43%. The higher grades districts, lie in the center and in the east of Hunan Province, while the lower grades districts lie in the west and in the northwest of Hunan Province.更多还原