【作者】 贾喜涵；

【导师】 敖长金； 潘宝海；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 棉籽蛋白来源丰富,但由于其中含有游离棉酚及一些抗营养因子,使其在畜禽饲料中的应用范围和用量上受到极大限制。为了科学有效的利用该蛋白质资源,本论文利用微生物对棉籽蛋白进行了固体发酵,并以仔猪为动物模型验证了发酵产物的应用效果。本论文包括三个试验部分:试验一采用乳酸杆菌和芽孢杆菌作为发酵菌株,以游离棉酚(FG)的含量作为优化指标,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,优化发酵工艺参数,并检测常规营养指标的含量。结果表明:乳酸杆菌固体发酵棉籽蛋白的最佳条件为:温度37℃,接种量10%,pH5.5,固液比为1:0.8的条件下厌氧发酵3d,脱毒率为56.24%。芽孢杆菌固体发酵棉籽蛋白的最佳条件为:温度为36℃,接种量10%,pH 6.5,固液比为1:0.8的条件下发酵3d,脱毒率为57.26%。混合菌固体发酵的最佳配比为:乳酸杆菌:芽孢杆菌=7:3,在此基础上最佳的固体发酵条件为:温度35℃,接种量10%,pH5.5,固液比为1:0.8的条件下发酵3d,脱毒率为59.68%。试验二选用体重为14.5±0.43kg的长大二元杂交仔猪180头,随机分成5个组,第1组为对照组(豆粕组),第2组为未发酵棉籽蛋白组,第3组为芽孢杆菌固体发酵棉籽蛋白组,第4组为乳酸杆菌固体发酵棉籽蛋白组,第5组为混合菌(乳酸杆菌:芽孢杆菌= 7:3)固体发酵棉籽蛋白组。试验日粮中添加5%的发酵产物,通过测定其生产性能和血液生化指标筛选最佳发酵产物。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验前后期各组的平均日采食量差异不显著(p>0.05),前期的平均日增重芽孢杆菌组最高,为507.14g,与对照组相比,差异极显著(p<0.01);在料肉比方面,芽孢杆菌组最低,前期为1.47,后期为2.24,与对照组相比,差异显著(p<0.05);从全期来看,乳酸杆菌组的平均日采食量最高,为1016.51g;平均日增重方面,芽孢杆菌组最高,混合组次之,分别为535.54g和522.24g,都显著高于其它各组(p<0.05)。血液生化指标结果表明:未发酵棉籽蛋白组与对照组相比,除了尿素氮差异显著高于对照组外(p<0.05),其它指标与对照组相比均差异不明显(p>0.05);与对照组相比,试验各组的总胆固醇、血清铁、白细胞数量差异均不显著(p>0.05);在甘油三酯方面,未发酵棉籽蛋白组差异显著高于对照组(p<0.05),而血清钾方面差异则显著低于对照组(p<0.05),其它各组差异不明显(p>0.05)。试验三在前两个试验的基础上用芽胞杆菌固体发酵棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉。选用体重为11.21±0.82kg的杜长大三元杂交仔猪240头,随机分成4个组,第1组为对照组,第2组为5%鱼粉组,第3组为混合组(2.5%鱼粉+2.5%芽孢杆菌固体发酵棉籽蛋白),第4组为5%芽孢杆菌固体发酵棉籽蛋白组。通过对仔猪的饲养试验,检测生产性能指标,进一步验证其应用效果。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验前期各组的结束体重、平均日采食量、平均日增重均差异不显著(p>0.05),前期的料肉比芽孢杆菌组最低,为1.64,与对照组相比,差异显著(p<0.05);试验后期各组的结束体重、平均日采食量、料肉比,与对照组相比均差异不显著(p>0.05),在平均日增重方面,鱼粉组最高,为458.55g,其与对照组相比,差异显著(p<0.05);从全期来看,试验各组的平均日增重、平均日采食量,与对照组相比均差异不显著(p>0.05),在料肉比方面,鱼粉组最低,为1.82,与对照组相比,差异显著(p<0.05);从仔猪全期的腹泻率来看,对照组的最高,为1.65%,芽孢杆菌组最低,为0.26%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cottonseed protein meal is a kind of vegetable protein feedstuff which has certain nutritional value,however, cottonseed protein meal also contain some poisonous substances, free gossypol and anti-nutritional factors, which extremely restrict its uses in animal feed. This experiment optimize the technics of solid fermentation on cottonseed protein meal by virtue of microbe, which offer a scientific method as a sort of high protein vegetal feed utilized in animal feedstuff according to the research on piglet’s diet.There are three parts in this research. The first one uses healthful bactera like Lactobacilus spp. and Bacillus spp.as fermentation strain and the contents of free gossypol as the optimize index, do anorthonormal experiment on the basis of single factor trial, optimize the fermentation index which help the solid fermentation in order to detect the contents of routine nutritional compounds. The result shows that the best fermentation condition of Lactobacilus spp.: the temperature is 370C, the inoculum size is 10%, pH is 5.5 and the ratio of solid and liquid is 1:0.8, the anaerobic fermentation time is 3 days, the highest detoxification efficiency is 56.24%. While Bacillus spp. is similar to Lactobacilus spp. besides the temperature (360C) and pH(6.5), the highest detoxification efficiency reach 57.26%.As well as mixed bacteria (Lactobacilus spp.: Bacillus spp.=7:3):except that the optimal ratio of the lactobacillus to the Bacillus is 7:3, the temperature(350C) is different to Lactobacilus spp., and the detoxification efficiency is up to 59.68%.180 piglets of 14.5±0.43kg were selected in the second experiment, divided randomly into 5 groups, group 1 the control group added with the soybean meal, group 2 the unfermented cottonseed protein, group 3 solid fermented cottonseed protein by the Bacillus, group 4 solid fermented cottonseed protein by the Lactobacillus and group 5 solid fermented cottonseed protein with the mixed bacteria(lactobacillus: Bacillus 7: 3). 5% of the fermentation product was added into the diets, and the best fermentation product was determined through the performance and the blood biochemical indicators. The result showed, there are no significances on average daily diet of each group in the whole period (P>0.05), the Bacillus group is significantly higher(507.14g) than control group in average daily gain in the former period(p<0.01); the Bacillus group is significantly lower than control group in feed by weight (p<0.05), former is 1.47 and later is 2.24; in the whole period, the Lactobacillus spp. group is the highest(1016.51g) in consumption, the Bacillus group is the highest(535.54g), followed by the mixed group(522.24g) in weight, which are both significantly higher than any other groups(p<0.05). The biochemical indexes of blood serum, liver and kidney indicate: unfermentation cottonseed protein meal group except Urea Nitrogen has a significant difference (p<0.05), other indexes all have no significance with control group (p>0.05). The biochemical indexes of blood show: Total cholesterol, serum Iron as well as white blood cell of each group have no significance(p>0.05); the control cottonseed protein meal group has a significant difference to control group(p<0.05), differ from others(p>0.05) on the level of Triglyeride and Serum Potassium.The last one on the basis of the former two uses cottonseed protein meal with solid fermentation for replacing fish meal, 240 piglets of 11.21±0.82kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, group 1 the control group, group 2 the diet of which was added with 5% of fishmeal, group 3 the mixed additive group 2.5% fishmeal and 2.5% solid fermented cottonseed protein by the Bacillus and group 4 with 5% solid fermented cottonseed protein by the Bacillus. The performance indicators of which were determined to further evaluate the effect of the application. The results shows, in the former period, comparing with control group, the completing weight、average daily feed intake(ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) have no significance(p>0.05), the Bacillus group(1.64) is significantly lower than control group(p<0.05) in feed by weight; in the later period, comparing with control group, the completing weight、average daily feed intake(ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) have no significance(p>0.05),only the fish meal group is significantly higher than the control group(p<0.05) in average daily gain (458.55g); in the whole period, each group has no significance with control group(p>0.05) about ADG and ADFI,while the fishmeal group(1.82) is significantly lower than control group(p<0.05); considering the conditions of piglets’diarrhea in the whole period, control group is the highest(1.65%) and the Bacillus group is the lowest(0.26%).更多还原