CUBA女篮运动员体能评价研究

【作者】 蔺银萍；

【导师】 王清玉；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 篮球运动是一项集体能、技能和心理能力为一体的综合性运动项目,其中体能是完成技术和战术配合,全面发挥训练水平的基础和前提。随着篮球运动的发展,在现代篮球比赛中,身体的对抗愈来愈向全面的方向发展,成为运动员力量、速度、耐力和灵活性的全面对抗,这对运动员的体能提出了更高的要求。而体能差是中国女篮公认的弱点,是长期以来制约中国女篮快速发展的关键因素。同样,CUBA是在我国高等教育体系中发展竞技体育、培养篮球竞技人才的新尝试,其对运动员的年龄、性别、训练、比赛及来源有其特殊性,是介于青年联赛与少年联赛之间的特殊群体,而体能问题也比将影响到CUBA女篮的发展。关于篮球运动员体能的测量与评价标准,国内外许多学者都进行了相关的研究,但这些研究多以青少年运动员为研究对象,对CUBA这个群体的研究相对较少。本文采用文献资料法、调查问卷法、专家访谈法、测试法与数理统计法等方法,以参加我国CUBA大学生联赛的五所高校的32名女篮运动员为研究对象,通过分析研究目前CUBA女篮运动员体能现状的特点,在把握影响CUBA女篮运动员体能水平的因素与体能训练原则、训练内容等具体的训练方法、手段的基础上,建立了CUBA女篮运动员体能水平的评价指标体系及评价标准,以使CUBA女篮运动员在体能水平上有所突破,提高CUBA女篮的整体实力,在此基础上,得出以下结论:1、通过研究得出CUBA女篮运动员正向高大化趋势发展,在身高、体重、克托莱指数方面较单薄,与WCBA女篮运动员相比存在很大差距,还有待提高;不同位置的CUBA女篮运动员,赛后的血乳酸、脉搏比差别较大;从两次测试成绩的对比分析中发现,CUBA女篮运动员体能成绩不够理想,有所下降的是下肢力量,基本保持不变的是腰腹力量,有明显提高的是耐力、上肢力量及速度与灵敏素质。2、通过查阅文献资料、发放调查问卷与访问专家得出:影响CUBA女篮运动员体能水平提高的原因既有宏观因素,又有微观因素。宏观因素主要来自CUBA大学生联赛的竞赛体制,球队的训练经费,球队管理层对体能训练的重视程度等;而微观因素主要来自教练员和运动员自身的问题。3、通过调查发现,CUBA女篮运动员每周进行体能训练的次数约为1次,每次训练时间为60分钟左右,训练时间多安排在下午的技战术训练课之后,大部分教练员在训练时没有重点考虑全面发展原则。4、通过专家调查和对CUBA女篮运动员的多项体能指标的测试,以及在文献资料研究及专家咨询、调查的基础上筛选出有效反映CUBA女篮运动员体能水平的12项三级指标。5、运用层次分析法确立了各个指标的权重,采用百分位数法,制定了单项指标(三级指标)的评分标准、体能一级指标与综合体能等级评价标准,为实施CUBA女篮运动员体能发展水平评价提供了依据。将单项评价和综合等级评价有机结合起来,使评价结果能够客观的反映CUBA女篮运动员的体能水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Basketball game is a comprehensive game combining physical ability, tactics with mental ability, among which the physical ability is the base and premise to fulfil techniques and tactics as well as exerting training level. With the development of modern basketball games, the body confrontation is reflected in all aspects,including the confrontation of speed, stamina and agility, which put forward higher demands on athletes’physical ability. As is known to all, the weak physical ability is the woman basketball players’weak point and the key factor that hindering the development of woman basketball game. It is the same with CUBA, which is an attempt to develop competitive sport and forster the competitive athletes in advanced physical education. CUBA has special requirements for athletes’age, sex, training, competition and sources. It is a special group between youth tournament and teenagers’ tournament. The physical ability is likely to influence the development of CUBA woman basketball.As for the measuring and assessing criteria, quite a few scholars have done relative research, but the main subjects of their research are teenager athletes not CUBA athletes.By meams of documentary method, questionaires,interviews, surveying method and statistical method, the thesis has researched into 32 woman basketball players who took part in CUBA College Tournaments from five colleges or universities.Through analyzing their characteristics of physical ability,learning about the factors affecting the training contents and methods , the thesis sets up an assessing index system and assessing criteria of CUBA woman players’physical ability to improve greatly the woman basketball players physical ability and their comperhensive ability. According to this, the following conclusions are drawn:1. Through the research a trend has turned out that CUBA woman basketball players are required to be higher and heavier.However, there are big differences between the height, weight and Cotonou index of CUBA and WCBA woman basketball players. There are also some big differences in blood lactic acid, pulses after matches among CUBA woman basketball players.By comparing the two grades tested, We have found that physical ability of these woman players is poor, and there is a decline in strength of legs, a balance of waist strength, and an obvious increase of resistance, the strength of arms, the speed and sensitivity.2. There are macrocosmic and microcosmic factors found influencing the level of CUBA woman basketball players by means of looking up documents, questionaires and expert interviews. Macrocosmic factors include the competitive system of college students to urnaments, funds for training, the attention paid to the training of physical ability; microcosmic factors come from the coaches and athletes themselves. 3. Through the researches, I find that there is about one-hour physical ability training per week, which is usually carried out after the training course, and most coaches don’t adopt the all-round development principle.4. 12 third-class indexes have been selected on the base of consulting experts, testing the multi-index of physical ability, looking up documents.5. The standard of each index has been defined through hiberarchy analyzing method; a single index (third-class index) assessing criteria, the first-class criteria and the grade assessing criteria for comperhensive physical ability have all been made out using the percentum.All these provides standards for assessing CUBA woman basketball players’level.The combination of a single item assessment and comprehensive grade assessment will truly reflect the level of CUBA woman basketball players’physical ability.更多还原