【作者】 李丽；

【导师】 李新乡；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 提问是课堂教学活动中师生最有效的双边活动,既是教师输出信息、获得反馈信息的重要渠道,也是培养学生的学习兴趣和创造能力的可靠手段。但我国中学课堂上仍普遍存在提问随意、缺乏启发性等无效提问现象。其中主要原因是教师缺乏实用有效的提问策略。课堂提问策略研究是一个很有价值的课题。在对国内外课堂提问的相关文献进行研究的基础上,参照国内外已有的课堂提问策略和课堂提问观察表,设计出了初中物理教师课堂提问策略观察记录表。应用该表于观看全国青年物理教师教学改革创新大赛部分光盘和对5位教师的课堂教学进行现场观察记录,了解了当前初中物理教师课堂提问的现状。针对当前初中物理教师课堂提问中存在的问题,提出了初中物理课堂概念教学中的核心提问策略。“核心问题”是指教师基于新课程理念,通过对教材和学生学习心理特点的分析,把握教学的难点、重点和关键精心设计的问题,是教学的中心。“核心提问策略”是在创设一定教育情境的基础上,由教师提出或引导学生发现并提出本节课的核心问题,师生围绕核心问题展开教学,继而通过针对学生回答的启发与追问,引发学生深入思考,从而培养学生的批判性思维、创新思维以及探究能力的一种课堂提问策略。从问题设计和问答过程中的教师行为两个角度设计,将“核心提问策略”分为5个部分:核心问题设计策略、系列问题设计策略、倾听策略、启发策略和追问策略。运用“核心提问策略”对初中物理中几个重要概念(速度、质量、密度等)进行教学设计,并进行了为期5个月的教学实践。实践证明,在初中物理课堂教学中应用“核心提问策略”,可以使学生更容易把握学习的重点,更能系统全面理解概念的来龙去脉与应用等。教学实践中发现,目前初中物理教师的提问水平与新课程的要求还存在一定差距,教师应采用多种方式学习教育理论知识,提高课堂提问技能,以适应新课程的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Questioning is one of the most effective bilateral activities between teaching and students in the class, which is an important channel for both output and feedback to teachers, but also could cultivate students’ learning interests and creative ability. But there is still some phenomenon of invalid questioning, such as questioning randomness, lacking of stimulating etc, in the secondary school classroom in China. One of the main reasons is that teachers didn’t master a kind of practical and effective questioning strategy. So I believe, it is a valuable topic about questions Strategy.On the basis of analysis of domestic and foreign materials, reference to the existing questioning strategies and questioning observation scales, I designed a new observation scales for observing physics teachers’ questioning strategy in junior classroom. By application of the scales to watching the CD-ROMs of teachers of the National Youth Physical reform and innovation teaching contest, and on-site observing five teachers, I investigated the present situations of teachers’ questioning in physics class.In view of the current issues, I put forth of a new questioning strategy on the physics concept teaching.The "core issue" is the centre in teaching, which is designed by teachers who should analysis the characteristics of students, and grasp the emphasis, difficulty, the key of teaching materials, and guided by the new curriculum ideas. The "Core questioning strategy" is such a strategy: in certain circumstances, teachers or students discover and propose the "core issue" and having inquiry learning around this issue; then, through enlightening and inspiring, urge students to deep thinking. This strategy should nurture students’ critical thinking, creative thinking and the abilities. The "Core questioning strategy" includes five strategies: the "core issue" design strategy, the "series issues" design strategy, listening strategy, enlightening strategy and questioning closely strategy.I have done several teaching design for several important concepts in physics (speed, quality, density, etc.) using this strategy, and been to teaching practice in the junior high school for five months. Practice shows that, application of the "Core questioning strategy" in junior school physics teaching could help students to grasp the learning focus easily, and comprehend the origin and development of concepts.In addition, I found that physics teachers’ questioning level is lower at present. So they should make efforts to learn education theory of knowledge, and improve skills of questioning to meet the requirements of the new curriculum.更多还原