土地污染防治法律制度的构建

【作者】 张百灵；

【导师】 李希昆；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 土地作为一种有限的不可再生资源,不但是动植物生命的支持系统,还是固液态废物的堆放地和人居住及活动的基础,对动植物繁衍和人类生存发挥着重要的作用。但是在人类工业化进程中,土地遭受着来自农药、化肥、固体废弃物等各方面的污染,造成了严重的生态破坏和经济损失。土地污染已成为一个世界性的环境问题,早在1877年,日本枥木县就发生了足尾铜矿山公害事件,20世纪60年代,发达国家如美国、荷兰又因为化学废弃物的倾倒导致严重的土地污染。随着污染土地的逐渐扩大和危害的日益严重,发达国家纷纷制定了农业法律和相关的土地保护法规,采取相应的防治措施。经过多年的实践,他们已建立了相对完善的法律体系,有效的遏制了土地污染现象,也为我们提供了许多参考和借鉴。近年来,随着我国工业化和城市化进程的快速发展,人类活动产生大量的污染物进入土地,使我国受污染土地不断增多,从农业用地逐渐蔓延到工业用地,成为我国经济社会可持续发展的制约因素。这引起了社会的普遍关注,也为环境法提供了新的研究热点。基于此,本文以我国的土地污染为切入点,对其防治的法律机制做相关研究和探讨。本文共分三章进行论述:第一章对我国土地污染的基本概念及现状、特点、危害、原因等基本情况进行了阐述;第二章介绍和分析了国内外有关土地污染防治的法律规定,并重点对中美两国的法律规定进行了比较;第三章是文章的主体部分,对我国土地污染防治法律制度的构建提出了设想,尤其是对土地污染防治的立法建议和亟待确立的重要法律原则进行了思考。本文认为,在我国进行土地污染防治立法是必要的,也是可行的。只有构建了完善的法律体系,才能有效地遏制目前土地污染不断恶化的趋势,为我国经济、社会的可持续发展提供不竭的动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 As limited and non-renewable resource, land is not only the support systems of animal and plant life, but also the liquid or solid waste dumps and the foundation of humans habitation and activities, playing an important role in the propagation of animals and plants, as well as human being’ s survial. However, in the process of humans industrialization, land has suffered from serious pollution , such as pesticides, fertilizers, solid waste and so on, causing serious ecological damage and economic losses. Land pollution has been a worldwide problem. As early as 1877, it occurred the Copper Mountain hazards in Japan Tochigi, in the 1960s, some developed countries such as the United States, the Netherlands caused serious land pollution because of the dumping of chemical waste .Along with the gradual expansion and increasingly serious harm of polluted land, the developed countries set up agricultural laws and related regulations and took appropriate measures to protect the land. After years of practice, they have set up relatively complete legal systems and controlled land pollution effectively, providing us with a lot of information and reference. In recent years, with the development of China’ s industrialization and urbanization process, human activities produced large quantities of pollutants, which has made the polluted land increase gradually, spreading from agricultural land to industrial land and becoming China’ s constraints in economic and social sustainable development. This has led to widespread social concern and also provided a new hot spot in the field of environmental law. Based on this, this essay will talk about the legal mechanisms to prevent and control land pollution.There are three chapters in this essay. In the first chapter it talks about the basic concepts , cases, characteristics, harm and reasons of land pollution. In the second chapter we introduce and analyze the international and foreign legislation about preventing and controlling land pollution. The thirdly chapter is the main body of this essay and it thinks over the legislation in principle and mechanism of preventing and controlling the land pollution in our country.This essay considers that it is necessary and feasible to tighten up legislation for preventing and controlling land pollution. Only the complete law system has been constructed, can we prevent the worsening trend of present land pollution efficiently and stimulate the sustainable development of the social economy in our country.更多还原