国际水法基本原则研究

【作者】 杨明；

【导师】 李希昆；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 19世纪之后,对于国际河流的开发和利用问题逐渐成为了一个热点问题,关于国际河流开发利用的国际法规则也逐渐发展和完善起来,这就形成了国际水法。国际水法在发展中相继经历了对工农业用水的调整,对水质的保护和对水污染的防控,对水资源进行可持续的开发利用和保护为主要内容的三个阶段。而作为国际水法核心内容之一的国际水法基本原则也随着国际水法的发展而逐渐完善。国际水法的基本原则作为国际水法具体制度的基本指导性规范,在国际水法制度还未臻成熟和完善之时,可以指引制度的构建;在制度缺失时,对出现的具体争议进行评判;对制度有不同的解释及处理时,则以是否符合于基本原则来进行衡量。故而,国际水法基本原则体现着国际水法的发展方向和趋势,对于国际水法而言有着不可替代的作用。法律原则作为一种克服法律局限性的工具,对其进行深入的研究的意义是显见的。通过对国际水法的主要基本文件以及一些案例进行分析,本文归纳出了目前国际水法规范中的几个基本原则,包括:国家对跨境水资源的永久主权原则、公平合理使用原则、无害使用原则、受益补偿原则、合作原则和可持续发展原则。这些原则中,有的已经在国际水法的完善中发展成熟,有的处于刚刚提出的阶段,还有的仅是一种理论探索。除了一些理论上的探讨,本文还分析了国际水法基本原则在实践中的运用,由此也可看出,进行基本原则研究不仅具有理论意义,同样具有现实意义。本文共分为四个部分:第一部分为文章中一些重要概念的界定;第二部分为对国际法发展中出现的关于国际水法的规定以及几个重要国际法上的与国际水资源开发利用相关的案例进行分析,由此来看国际水法基本原则的发展历程;第三部分为对六个国际水法基本原则的具体论述;最后一部分以澜沧江的开发利用为例,对我国在实践中如何运用国际水法基本原则维护国家利益,并更好地参与国际合作开发利用我国的国际河流资源提出一些意见及建议。本文认为,国际水法基本原则对于国际河流水资源的开发利用及保护有着重要意义。各国应当在国际水法基本原则的指导下,积极开展国际合作,在最大的限度内使各国的利益需求获得满足,同时也才能更好地保护国际河流水资源,实现国际河流水资源的可持续利用。而继续深入研究国际水法基本原则,也应当成为环境法学界和国际法学界的一个目标与方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the 19th century, the development and the use of international rivers has gradually become a hot issue. On the rules of how to develop and use the international rivers have also gradually developed and improved, which formed the International Water Law. There has gone through 3 periods in the development of the International Water Law as follows: the adjustment of industrial and agricultural water use, the protection of water quality and control of water pollution, and the sustainable development of water resources utilization and protection. As one of the core elements of International Water Law, the fundamental principles of international water law have also gradually improved as the development of the international water law.As the specific guidance of the basic system of norms in international water law, the fundamental principles of international water law could guide the building of the international water law system when it is far from mature and perfect; could judge the specific dispute when there’s no specific rules in the international water law; could balance in compliance with the basic principles to be measured when there has a different interpretation and processing of the international water law.Therefore, the fundamental principles of international water law embody the direction of the development trend of international water law, which plays an irreplaceable role in the international water law.As a tool to overcome the limitation of law, it is obvious important to deeply study the legal principles. Based on analysis of the major basic documents of international water law and of a number of cases, the paper summed up few basic principles in the current norms of international water law as follows: the principle of cross-border water resources of the country’s permanent sovereignty, the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, the principle of no harm in use, the principle of benefit from the compensation, the principle of cooperation and sustainable development. These principles, some has already been mature in the development of the international law, some still just in the stage of coming up, and some are even a theoretical exploration. In addition to a number of theoretical study, the paper also analyzed the use of fundamental principles in the practice of international water law, which can also embodied that the study of basic principles are not only of theoretical significance, but also the same practical significance.This paper is divided into four parts: the first part of the article define the important concepts of the article; the second part analyze several cases, which are relevant to the development of the international law on international water law and the provisions of international law on several important international water resources development and utilization, to reflect the development course of the international water law; the third one study six basic principles of international water law on the concrete; and the last part come up with some comments and suggestions on how to use the principles of the international water law to pretend the nation’s interests in practice, as well as to be better participated in international cooperation in the development and utilization of China’s international river resources, taking the development and utilization of the Lancang River as an example.This article holds that the basic principles of international water law are of great significance for the development and utilization of international water resources in rivers. Different countries should participate actively in international cooperation within the limits of the largest in the interests of all countries need to be met, in the guidance of basic principles of international water law, which also can better protect the water resources of international rivers, then finally achieve the goal of sustainable use of international. And continuing deeply study the basic principles of international water law should also become an important objective and direction for the environmental law scholars and academics, as well as the international law scholars and academics.更多还原