中国艾滋病问题的社会建构过程研究

【作者】 陈雅雪；

【导师】 韩跃红；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 艾滋病在中国蔓延了二十二年。学术界对艾滋病的讨论已经发生了从医学视角向人文科学视角的转向,但即使是在人文科学的视野中,对于艾滋病在中国情境中的建构过程长期以来尚缺乏细致深入的研究。本文以社会建构论为理论范式,指出艾滋病问题不是仅仅以一种社会客体的形式存在着,也不是独立地存在于某一社会状况之中,而是作为一个社会过程而存在的,是社会行动者和社会经济文化因素共同作用的产物。本文从不同的社会行动者对艾滋病问题的建构以及社会经济文化因素对艾滋病问题的建构这两个层面,对中国艾滋病问题的社会建构过程进行了研究。在社会行动者方面,本文选取艾滋病人或感染者、大众媒体和政府这三个有代表性的群体作为对象,考察了艾滋病人或感染者关于身份的建构、媒体关于话语的建构以及政府在公共利益和个人利益之间的博弈,并指出当前在艾滋病人或感染者缺场的状态下,媒体和政府以强大的主流话语影响着公众对艾滋病的态度。在社会经济文化因素方面,认为贫困虽然不是艾滋病产生的直接原因,却是艾滋病蔓延的一个重要的因素,而艾滋病的流行更是加重了贫困的深度和广度。艾滋病和其它许多疾病一样是与人类一定的社会文化行为密切相关的,人类对于艾滋病的认识也充满了社会文化意义:这一方面是由于艾滋病的流行是与人类的各种社会文化行为以及社会文化关系密切相关,另一方面不同社会文化信仰、理念、价值观又构成了人类对艾滋病的重要认识背景。本文从民族文化意义下的艾滋病、性文化意义下的艾滋病、社会性别意义下的艾滋病以及道德意义下的艾滋病四方面分别进行了阐述,指出正是这些因素交织在一起构成了中国艾滋病流行的重要背景。要解决艾滋病问题,答案必须在艾滋病建构的过程中去寻找,因此,人们应当通过社会再协商的过程来达成对艾滋病问题的再建构。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIDS has stretched in China for 22 years.The discussions about AIDS have already changed from the medicine perspective to humanities perspective.Even in the humanities perspective,the social construction on AIDS in China has not been paid enough attention to for a long time.Based on the theory of social construction,the thesis studies AIDS problem and considers that AIDS problem not only exists in the form of a society object and as an independent social situation,but also is in the form of a social process.The AIDS problem is the common product coupled by the social action,economy and culture.In order to discuss AIDS problem,the construction of the different social actors and interaction between AIDS and the social economy-culture factors has been studied in the thesis.In the social actors,AIDS/HIV infections,the mass media and the government are selected to study construction of the identity,the establishment of media discourse and the game of the government between the public and individual interests.The attitude of public to AIDS/HIV has been influenced by the mainstream discourse of the mass media and the government in lack of AIDS/HIV.In the social economy-cultural factors,poverty is not the direct cause to form AIDS,but is the important cause to the spread of AIDS.Also the epidemic of AIDS can aggravate poverty in the depth and breadth.In the social and cultural aspects,AIDS like other diseases is closely related to the certain social and cultural behaviors of humans and the realization of the human to AIDS is full of the social and cultural significance.On the hand, the epidemic of AIDS is closely linked to social cultural behavior;on the other hand,the social cultural beliefs,ideas and values are the important backgrounds in awareness of AIDS.The meanings of AIDS in form of race cultural,sexual cultural,gender sense and moral,have been described in the thesis.The four elements constitute the important background to the epidemic of AIDS in China.To solve AIDS problem,we must find the answer in the process of social construction. The society re-consultations is important to social re-construction of AIDS problem.更多还原