某硅酸镍矿离析工艺试验研究

【作者】 肖军辉；

【导师】 周平； 张宗华；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界镍工业的迅速发展,镍的价格一直呈上涨趋势,尤其在不锈钢行业镍的用量相当大,随着不锈钢产量的加大,中国市场对镍的需求量也随之增加,中国所需镍矿中的约三分之二都用于不锈钢的生产,今年将使用5.3亿吨不锈钢,到2010年则会达10亿吨。中国已经是世界上最大的不锈钢使用国,在过去的一年中,中国的需求使镍矿价格上涨了36个百分点,今年镍矿的需求量将上升27%至20万吨左右,面对市场对镍如此大的需求量,目前国内对镍的来源绝大多数仍然是硫化镍矿,同时硫化镍矿也日趋短缺,如何缓解这一局面显得十分重要。由于当今硅酸镍矿石的开发利用仍然是一个很大的空缺,硅酸镍矿石具有含镍低、矿石组成复杂、风化现象严重等特点决定了处理硅酸镍矿石的工艺复杂、成本高等特点,到目前为止没有得到合理的开发利用。因此,本课题针对云南某地区的硅酸镍矿石进行工艺开发是具有很大的现实意义。本课题是针对云南某地区的两种类型硅酸镍矿石:褐铁矿型硅酸镍矿石含Ni-0.88%、Co-0.056%和蛇纹石型硅酸镍矿石含Ni-0.78%、Co-0.031%进行了选矿试验研究,通过对原矿的工艺矿物学研究以及探索试验研究表明用常规的磁选、重选、还原焙烧—磁选工艺处理该类型硅酸镍矿石都不能获得较好的选矿指标。采用离析—磁选工艺分别对两种类型的硅酸镍矿石进行了大量的条件试验,并且得到了试验工艺综合条件,对褐铁矿型硅酸镍矿可以得到镍精矿产品指标:镍品位5.20%～5.25%,镍回收率85.65%～86.78%,钴品位0.27%～0.28%,钴回收率79.84%～80.62%;对蛇纹石型硅酸镍矿可以得到镍精矿产品指标:镍品位4.86%～4.89%,镍回收率86.36%～86.43%,钴品位0.21%～0.22%,钴回收率84.18%～85.43%。对离析—磁选镍精矿的化学分析可知硅、镁、铝等杂质含量偏高,在余属的冶炼过程中,尤其是镁的含量过高会对冶炼带来一定不利的影响,虽然可以通过造渣来合理平衡冶炼过程中的酸碱度,但是操作起来有较大的难度,如果可以在冶炼之前降低产品中杂质的含量,势必是很重要的。因此,选择自行研发的SY型浸出剂对离析—磁选所得的镍精矿进行了浸出降杂试验研究。综上所述,采用离析—磁选工艺处理该地区的硅酸镍矿石是比较合理的,尤其是多年来对硅酸镍矿石只采用常规的氯化剂不能得到理想选矿指标的情况下,而是在离析过程中加入自行研发的氯化剂、助剂和催化剂,改善镍离析过程中的化学反应而提高选矿指标。不足之处是对矿石中有价元素钴不能单独作为钴精矿回收利用,只能在后续的冶炼工艺中加以分离提纯,同时对磁选尾矿的综合利用没有进行详细的试验研究工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with nickel industry of the world is developing rapidly,the price of nickel has been on a steady upward trend.Particularly in the nickel stainless steel industry considerable amount,with the increase stainless steel production,the Chinese market for nickel demand will increase China needs the nickel about two-thirds are used for the production of stainless steel,this year will need 0.53 billion tons of stainless steel to2010 will be over one billion tons.Currently,China is already the world’s largest user of stainless steel in the past year,China’s demand for nickel ore prices rose thirty percent,this year the demand for nickel will be increased by twenty percent to two hundred thousand tons.In the face of huge market demand for nickel,the current domestic sources of nickel sulfide is still the vast majority of nickel ore,nickel sulfide ore is also facing a shortage of difficulties, how to ease the situation will be becoming very important.Silicate nickel ore for the development and utilization is still a lot of vacancies,due to the type of ore containing low-nickel ore complex composition,weathering a serious phenomenon and so the decision to deal with this type of nickel silicate minerals process is very complex,the cost is high, So far have not been reasonabley exploited.Therefore,the issue of developing technics to silicate nickel ore of somewhere of Yunnan is of great realistic significance.Against this issue is a particular area of Yunnan silicate of nickel ore beneficiation pilot study the region nickel silicate minerals are classified into two types:Limonite-type silicate nickel ore containing Ni-0.88%.Co-0.056%,Serpentine-type nickel silicate ore containing Ni-0.78%,Co-0.031%.Through the process of ore mineralogy studies and the exploration,research shows conventional magnetic separation,gravity separation,reducing roasting-magnetic separation processing of this type of nickel silicate ore can not get good beneficiationa index.Segregation-magnetic separation technics was used to two types of silicate nickel ore for a large number of test conditions,and got the test integration technics conditions, Limonite-type silicate nickel ore can get nickel concentrate products index:nickel grade of 5.20%～5.25%,nickel recovery of 85.65%～86.78%;cobalt grade of 0.27%～0.28%, cobalt recovery of 79.84%～80.62%;Serpentine-type nickel silicate ore can get nickel concentrate products index:nickel grade of 4.86%～4.89%,nickel recovery of 86.36%～86.43%;cobalt grade of 0.21%～0.22%,cobalt recovery of 84.18%～85.43%.On Segregation-Magnetic chemical analysis of nickel concentrate reveal silicon, magnesium,aluminum,and other high impurity contents in the metal smelting process,in particular the high content of magnesium smelting will bring certain negative impact, although through smelting slag making a reasonable balance in the process of acidity,but with a larger operation the difficulty,if we can reduce the smelting between impurities in the product content,it is bound to be very important.Therefore,we choose R&D SY-leaching agent on Segregation-magnetic separation from the leaching of nickel concentrate to drop miscellaneous test study.As mentioned above,the use of Segregation-magnetic separation processing in the region nickel silicate minerals is rather reasonable;over the years particularly nickel silicate ore using only conventional chlorination agents can not get good beneficiation index,but in the process of segregation joined a self-developed chlorinated agents,additives and catalysts,Improve nickel chemical reaction in the process of segregation but improve the beneficiation index.Deficiencies department of ore prices are not separate elements cobalt as cobalt concentrate recycling,the follow-up to the smelting process to be isolated from the same time,another the comprehensive utilization of the tailings of magnetic separation do not go on the detail deep study.更多还原