【作者】 李蕾；

【导师】 张慧；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 音乐学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 19世纪初开始,音乐中的浪漫主义因素逐渐占主要地位,音乐史上称此后的100余年为浪漫主义时期。然而19世纪又是民族主义的世纪,民族主义是影响浪漫派音乐的重要力量。民族精神是浪漫主义作曲家爱国精神、民主精神和革新精神的集中体现,也是他们对美好生活的向往与追求。肖邦所处的年代正值波兰民族处在民族危机的关头,民族矛盾成为当时的主要矛盾,在争取民族解放和民族独立的斗争里,人民用鲜血染红了祖国的土地,产生了无数可歌可泣的民族英雄。肖邦的钢琴音乐作品就是在这样的时代背景下,饱含着对祖国、民族及民间文化的满腔热情而创作出来的。在肖邦的钢琴音乐中,不可忽略的是他对自己民族民间音乐的热爱与眷恋,这都来源于他的民族精神和爱国主义思想,肖邦对波兰的强烈感情在他的作品中表现得淋漓尽致。肖邦的任何一部作品,都是与波兰生活、与波兰文化有着千丝万缕的联系的,其中,有两种体裁的作品与民族根源的联系特别显著,这就是从波兰民族舞曲发展而来的玛祖卡舞曲和波兰舞曲。肖邦一共创作了58首玛祖卡舞曲。玛祖卡舞曲是肖邦的创作中最富有民族性格、最具有强烈的波兰民族气质和丰富的感情内容的作品,这些舞曲充满了浓厚的波兰乡土气息,情感的变化异常迅速并且丰富多样。本文将肖邦的玛祖卡舞曲分为三类:第一类是生活情景的描绘,像风俗画;第二类是舞会玛祖卡舞曲,与舞蹈音乐保持着密切联系,能够把听众引到豪华的舞会中去,好像“顿脚”一样的强烈重音、旋律的大跳进,活现出相继起舞的人的剧烈的动作,充满了兴奋的情绪和欢乐的气氛;第三类是优美典雅、歌唱性较强的抒情玛祖卡舞曲。肖邦一共创作了17首波兰舞曲。波兰舞曲最初是为贵族沙龙作伴舞之用,后来被移植到钢琴领域中来。19世纪以来,这种乐曲早已改变了原来的面貌,成为应时歌曲和爱国歌曲。由此,肖邦的波兰舞曲也脱离了原来的贵族气息,成为受爱国主义思想所培养的作品。本文将肖邦的波兰舞曲分为两类:第一类是充满男性活力,表现波兰昔日荣光的;第二类是气氛阴暗忧郁,暗示可悲的现况,并预感无望的未来的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the beginning of 19th century, the romanticism factor in music was gradually in the highest flight. The over 100 years after then was named romanticism period in the music history. However, the 19th century was a nationalism century and nationalism impacted the romantic music deeply. The national spirit epitomized patriotism, democracy and renovation of the romanticism composers and their yearning and chases for happy lives.Chopin lived in the age when Poland was in nation crisis and national conflict was the most important at that time. In the battles for national liberation and national self-governed, many people lost their lives for their country and there were many national hero who moved us to praises and tears. Chopin created his piano music works in just that background and filled with passion to his country, nation and folk culture. In Chopin’s piano music works, the loves for his own national folk music ought not to be neglected and these were from his national spirit and patriotic spirits. In his works Chopin expressed his strong emotion to his country Poland incisively and vividly thoroughly.Any of Chopin’s music works is related to Poland life and Poland culture. Two kinds of these were markedly related to the ethos origin, those were, Mazurka and Polonaise which were developed from Poland national dance.Chopin altogether has created 58 Mazurka. Mazurka is in Chopin’s creation the richest national disposition, most has the intense Polish nationality makings and the rich sentimental content work, these Mazurka filled the thick Polish local breath, the emotion change exceptionally have been rapid and bountiful. This article divides into Chopin’s Mazurka three kinds: The first kind is the life scene description, looks like the genre painting; The second kind is dance party Mazurka, is keeping the close contact with the dance music, can direct the audience in the luxurious dance party, probably“stamps the foot”the same intense stress, the melody jumps in greatly, comes alive human’s fierce movement which dances one after another, has filled the excited mood and the happy atmosphere; The third kind is exquisite elegant, sings the nature strongly to express feelings Mazurka.Chopin altogether has created 17 Polonaise. The Polonaise is at first makes using of the dancing part for aristocrat Sharon, afterwards is transplanted to the piano domain in. Since the 19th century, this kind of music already changed the original appearance, becomes the seasonable song and the patriotic song. From this, Chopin’s Polonaise has also been separated from the original aristocrat breath, becomes work which is raised the patriotism thought. This article divides into Chopin’s Polonaise two kinds: The first kind is full of the masculine energy, displayed Poland in former days the honor; The second kind is the atmosphere gloomy melancholy, suggested the pitiful present situation, and will have a premonition the hopeless future.更多还原