【作者】 王韵博；

【导师】 张强；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 高原训练是指有目的、有计划地将运动员组织到具有适宜海拔高度的地区,进行定期的专项运动训练的方法。目前高原训练普遍被认为是提高运动员体能和竞技水平的有效手段之一,尤其被应用到到中长跑、越野滑雪、自行车等体能耐力性项目的训练上。但也有不少运动员在高原训练后并没有达到理想的效果,因此对高原训练的作用的争议从来没有停止过,多数研究成果所提示的高原训练结果又带有很大的不确定性。越野滑雪项目由于器材、场地等因素的制约在我国开展较晚,但通过几代人的努力目前已取得了长足的进步,对于越野滑雪高原训练方法身体机能监控的研究目前我国各运动队也都在积极地探索过程中,本人全程跟踪了长春市19名越野滑雪运动员为备战第十一届全国冬季运动会赛前长白山高原训练的完整过程和2007年6月为期四周的净月潭平原训练过程,采用实验法记录了运动员高原和平原训练期间血清肌酸激酶、血红蛋白、血尿素、血清睾酮、心电图、血压、晨脉等生理生化指标的两次检测结果,最后比较、判断得出运动员对高原训练负荷的反映情况。实验结果表明:1.在高原训练初期,由于运动员对于缺氧环境的适应需要一定时间,为了避免运动疲劳等不良现象的出现,加大对运动员心血管相关指标检测密度,具有非常重要的意义。2.高原训练期间,由于低氧环境刺激作用,运动员血红蛋白指标会出现生理性代偿的提高。3.由于高原低氧环境的关系,运动员较平原训练更容易出现运动疲劳等现象,相应的血液尿素氮和血清肌酸激酶的指标上升的也比较快,运动员的恢复速度比平原慢,所以要合理安排训练量和强度,避免过度训练。4.适宜的缺氧环境刺激配合合理的运动训练安排可以刺激运动员内分泌机制,显著提高运动员血清睾酮水平。5.高原训练期间提高上来的良好生理生化指标,在下高原后大概可维持1——2周左右,在此期间参赛可达到较好效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Altitude Training is a purpose in a planned way athletes will be organized to have the appropriate altitude, periodic special sports training methods. At present altitude training generally considered to be athletes improve physical and effective level of competition in one of the means to be applied especially to the middle and long distance running, cross-country skiing, cycling, and other items of physical endurance training. However, there are many athletes in the high altitude training, and did not achieve the desired results, on the role of the High Altitude Training controversy has never stopped, the majority of research results suggested that the results of altitude training with great uncertainty.Because cross-country skiing equipment items, such factors as venues in China in late, but through the efforts of generations and has achieved great progress, cross-country skiing plateau training methods bodily functions monitoring of the movements of the current team are actively in the process of exploring, I followed the Changchun City 19 cross-country skiing athletes prepare for war to the 11th National Winter Games before the Changbai Mountain altitude training and the integrity of the process in June 2007 for a four-week training course Jingyuetan Plain using experimental records athletes during training plateau and the plains of serum creatine kinase, hemoglobin, blood urea, serum testosterone, ECG, blood pressure, pulse and other morning physiological and biochemical indices of the two test results, the final, the athletes come to judgement on the plateau training load reflect the situation.The experimental results show that:1. Altitude Training in the early stages due to hypoxic environment for the athletes to take some time, in order to avoid undesirable phenomena such as fatigue campaign the appearance of increased cardiovascular related indicators of the athletes of density, it is of great significance.2. Altitude Training, as a result hypoxic environment stimulating effect, athletes will hemoglobin physiological indicators compensatory increase.3. As hypoxic environment on the plateau, training athletes more easily than plain fatigue phenomena such as a movement, the corresponding blood urea nitrogen and serum creatine kinase indicators rising relatively fast, the speed of recovery in athletes than plain slow, I have to make reasonable arrangements Training volume and intensity, to avoid over-training.4. Appropriate environment to stimulate the hypoxic training with reasonable arrangements for athletes endocrine mechanism can stimulate significantly increased serum testosterone level athletes.5. Increase of altitude training during the good physiological and biochemical indicators, the next plateau probably can be maintained 1 - 2 weeks, during which entries can be achieved better results.更多还原