【作者】 闫修民；

【导师】 周道玮；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 黄花苜蓿营养价值高,适口性好,抗寒性极强,抗干旱、耐盐碱,在解决我国畜牧业面临的蛋白质饲料缺乏、草原土壤肥力下降等问题中,具有重要的地位和作用。本文对黄花苜蓿开花结实动态、种子产量动态和种子成熟过程进行了系统全面的描述,并采用花蕾产量高峰期加上花蕾发育为成熟荚果所需时间来预测黄花苜蓿种子收获最佳时期,经验证可用来指导黄花苜蓿种子生产。主要结论如下:(1)黄花苜蓿种子发芽率、硬实率和千粒重在初花期后第33天后保持在较高水平,达到种子收获标准。(2)黄花苜蓿荚果含水量在发育初期较高、中期逐渐下降、末期迅速下降,在初花期后的第54天荚果含水量达到19.5%。(3)三个不同时期标记的样品从花蕾发育到成熟荚果分别需要时间为32.4天、27天和29.6天,所需有效日积温(Tb=10℃)为350.6℃、307.3℃和334.0℃,三次结果在统计学上差异极显著。(4)黄花苜蓿花蕾产量动态:初期产量低,增长缓慢;中期有稳定的产量高峰阶段;末期逐步降低。黄花苜蓿花序产量动态:初期产量低,增长缓慢;中期有稳定的产量高峰阶段;末期产量迅速降低。黄花苜蓿种子产量动态:发育初期产量低,增长迅速;中期稳定增长;达到高峰期后迅速降低。(5)黄花苜蓿植株在繁殖生长同时也在进行营养生长,其中主要是顶端的增长和二级分枝的生长。繁殖生长同营养生长之间存在权衡。黄花苜蓿的繁殖分配和二级分枝总长度相关度最高。较大的枝条(二级分枝数量较多及长度较长)繁殖成功率相对较高。(6)单株黄花苜蓿产量高峰期与黄花苜蓿种群的产量高峰期相互吻合。花蕾产量在初花期后的第24天到第48天单位面积花蕾产量达到高峰。种子产量在在初花期后的第54天达到产量最大值,在花蕾的高峰期之后27天左右就是荚果的高峰期。(7)黄花苜蓿的种子最佳收获时间应为花蕾产量达到高峰期后的第27天,建议生产中此时开始收获,并在最短时间内完成收割。。更多还原

【Abstract】 M.falcata that is favored by lots livestock contains abundant nutrition. It has an ability to resist drought, cold and alkali stress. Thus it plays an importance role in process that resolve the problem of protein deficiency and soil fertility descend. The article described the floral and seed dynamic and the process of seed mature of M.falcata. We utilized the period which is the summation of fastigium bud produced and time needed from buds to mature fruits to forecast the optimum seed harvest time. It will be beneficial to research about seed production of clover, and provide foundation for theory studies. The results showed that:1. The seed germination percentage, hard seed percentage and 1000-seeds weight became higher at the 36th days after first flower bloomed. Seed quality have reached the stand of harvest.2. Water content of M.falcata pod was higher at initial stage, became low at middle, and declined sharply at the last stage. Water content declined to 19.5% at the 54th days initial stage.3. The days needed were 32.4d, 27d and 29.6d from bud to mature fruits respectively. The GDD (Tb=10℃) were 350.6℃, 307.3℃and 334.0℃respectively. Furthermore, there not were significant differences.4. Bud dynamic: low production, low increase velocity at initial stage; there was a steady stage maintains higher bud production; it declined sharply at the last stage. Inflorescence dynamic was similar like the bud dynamic, however, seed increased rapid at initial stage.5. The plants of M. falcata continued the vegetative growth during the reproductive growth period. There was a trade off between the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth. The correlation coefficient was the highest between the productive allocation and the length of the secondary branch. The rate of successful reproduction was relatively higher in the larger branch(6)The peak period of the seed yield of the individual plant of M. falcata coincided with that of the population of M. falcata. The bud yield per unit area was high during the period between the 27th day and the 48th day after the initial flowering stage. The seed yield was maximum on the 54th day after the initial flowering stage; and the peak period of pod production was achieved after 27 days after the peak of bud production.7. The optimum seed harvest time of M. falcata is the 27th day after fastigium of bud production. Seed should be harvest as soon as possible.更多还原