【作者】 任冬梅；

【导师】 张强；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 历史文献学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 古希腊的僭主政治是指僭主(通过非法手段夺取政权的篡权者)利用武力僭取城邦最高权力而建立的个人独裁统治。僭主政治是公元前7世纪和6世纪希腊各个城邦普遍采用的一种政权组织形式,它是古代希腊历史发展过程中出现的一种较为特殊的历史现象,其形成、发展以及衰落与古代希腊城邦制度的兴替联系紧密,它是贵族与平民的矛盾斗争走向一个极端的标志,是一种十分特殊的个人独裁的统治形式。僭主一般出身贵族,但他却通过打击贵族确立和巩固自己统治的;僭主虽然是在利用平民阶层的力量来实现自己的政治野心,但又实实在在地颁布和实行了一些有利于平民的措施。本文拟通过对古希腊早期僭主政治的历史背景、发展形成、作用意义等方面的论述,了解僭主政治的本质以及在古希腊政治制度史中的地位,进而对古希腊的政治制度发展和古希腊史的发展脉络有一个清晰而直观的了解。首先是“僭主”一词的释义,从文献学的角度分析僭主和僭主政治的流传与演变;其次是对各邦僭主的统治概况进行描述,了解僭主个体的统治情况,并试图通过个案研究寻求普遍性的规律:再次是探讨僭主政治的历史作用和意义,给予其公平、准确的评价;最后讨论雅典的僭主政治和民主政治之间的关系。总之,古希腊早期城邦的僭主政治是古希腊历史发展形成时期的一个重要阶段,它不仅在横向的各个城邦之间产生相互影响,而且在纵向的城邦发展上发挥了巨大的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tyranny in ancient Greece is that a tyrant (the usurper who sizes the political power by illegal means) establishes the absolute one-man rule to get the highest power of the city-state by military force. In the 7th century BC and 6th century BC, the Greek city-states commonly execute the form of such a regime as tyranny. Tyranny is a special historical phenomenon in the process of ancient Greece historical development, and the origin, development and decline of the tyranny have close relationship with the ancient Greek city-states. Tyranny is an extreme sign of struggle between nobles and people, which is a very special form of personal autocratic rule. Generally speaking, Tyranny is aristocratic origin, but the tyrants establish and consolidate their rule by attacking nobles. Although the tyrants make use of the people’s power to achieve their own political ambitions, they make a lot of measures that are in favor of people. My paper is to discuss the early tyranny in ancient Greece from its historical background, development and significance and so on, and analyze the nature of tyranny and its position in the ancient Greek political system. Furthermore, we can clearly know the development of ancient Greek political system and development of ancient Greek history. First of all, we get the interpretation of the word "tyrant" and analyze the development of tyrant and tyranny; secondly, the tyrants of many city-states are introduced to describe and understand the tyrant of individual rule, and trying to find the common rules; thirdly, we talk about the historical role and significance of tyranny, and reach fair and accurate conclusion; finally, I compare the tyranny with the democracy in Athens. In short, the early tyranny in ancient Greece is an important stage in the development of ancient Greek history, and it not only exerts influence on the city-states, but also has played a tremendous role in development of the city-state.更多还原