【作者】 张丽萍；

【导师】 程积民；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 草业科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 黄土丘陵区是中国乃至全球水土流失最为严重的地区之一。宁南山区在这一方面表现的尤为突出。1983年国家对该地区进行“三西”农业专项建设,1986年宁南山区的上黄被列入黄土高原综合治理试验示范区,经过20余年的综合治理和生态农业研究与实践,取得了大量科研成果和实践经验。本文以位于宁夏南部山区的上黄试区为研究对象,通过农业生态经济系统演变过程的分析,总结“上黄经验”,探讨生态经济系统发展阶段及对应措施,为黄土丘陵区同类型地区农业生态经济系统可持续发展提供参考。通过研究,获得以下主要研究结论:1、应用聚类分析的方法将上黄试区近20年农业生态经济系统演变过程划分为3个阶段:第Ⅰ阶段(1986-1999),农业生态经济系统综合治理阶段;第Ⅱ阶段(1999-2002),高效生态农业建设阶段;第Ⅲ阶段(2002-2005),生态经济系统步入良性循环阶段。2、从种植结构变化、经济收入变化及劳动力就业结构变化等角度探讨了各阶段的主要特征,论证了生态系统是经济发展的基础,经济发展是生态环境建设的保障。3、在第Ⅰ阶段,对土地利用结构进行优化调控。这个阶段耕地和林地面积的数量变化最为显著,空间变化主要表现为耕地向林地、草地及园地的转变,从土地利用的动态度看园地和林地的变化速度最快。在此阶段提高单产是主要驱动力。第Ⅱ阶段,种植结构从单一的以粮食生产为主逐步向“果菜型”、“果苗型”、“果畜型”庭院经济模式转变,在此阶段形成了“三大技术体系”。追求农户经济收入是主要驱动力。第Ⅲ阶段,劳动力从以农业为主逐渐向果业、工副业、餐饮、交通运输等方向转移,在此阶段农民的经营意识也发生了很大变化,注意到农业生态系统的多样性,将资源的开发和保护变为自觉的行动,经济利益是主要驱动力。4、运用多元回归来建立上黄试区人口、耕地、林地、牧草地、单产、农业收入、工副业收入与人均纯收入之间的回归方程,用灰色模型预测试区农业生态经济系统未来的发展趋势。结果表明:到2015年前耕地面积逐年下降,林地面积缓慢增长,牧草地面积逐渐扩大,其内部结构表现为人工草地面积的逐渐增加和天然草地面积的减少,生态环境基本得到改善。5、在对“发展机遇和挑战”分析的基础上,针对上黄试区的问题提出以下几点建议:(1)坚持市场化导向和政府的指导相结合;(2)以地域优势为依托大力发展特色农业;(3)加大对人力资本的投资力度;(4)以农产品市场来引导农产品生产;(5)增强对农民工的技术培训,扩大农民的就业途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Loess hilly-gully region is one of the most serious areas of water drainage. Southern Ninxia hilly area shows most obvious signs in this respect. A Three-West special construction program was launched in 1983 and Shanghuang experimental area in Southern Ninxia hilly area was listed as a pilot area for comprehensive test. More than twenty years of comprehensive treatment and ecological research and practice has yielded tremendous achievements and experience. The following thesis, based on the research in Shanghuang experimental area and the analysis on the evolution of agriculture ecology-economy system, summed up some experience concerning Shanghuang experimental area, probed the corresponding measures to different periods of ecology-economy system and provided valuable data for the sustainable development of areas similar to loess hilly-gully region.The following conclusions are reached after research.1. The two decades of agriculture ecology-economic system evolution in the Shanghuang experimental area can be classified into 3 periods by adopting collective analysis: first period(1986-1999), comprehensive treatment period of agriculture ecology-economic system; second period(1999-2002), high-efficiency ecological agricultural construction period; third period(2002-2005)ecology-economic system enters a good cycle.2. From the aspects of changes in plant variety, income and employment, the primary features of each period are being discussed, that is, ecological system lays the corner stone of economical development which in turn ensures the ecological and environmental construction.3.Stage one, to optimize and regulate the structure of the land utilization. During this stage, the changes in the amount of cultivated land and forest are obvious. The spacial change reflects the conversion of the cultivated land to forest, grassland and garden land. the change of gardenland and forest is the fastest according to the trend of land utilization. The main driving force is to increase the output. Stage two, the structure of planting changes from grain production mode into "fruit-veg style", "fruit seedling style" "fruit preserving style", and yard production mode. The three main tech systems come into being at this stage and the main incentive is to increase of the income of peasants. Stage three, The labor force flows into fruit industry side industry, resturant industry and transportation industry from agriculture. The peasants’ mind of management changes a lot. They realize the diversity of agriculture ecological system protecting and developing the resource consciously. economic benefit is the main driving force.4. Set up the regression equation among the elements of population, cultivated land, forest, grassland,uni-product, agriculture income, side product industry and per capita net income by using the reunity of various elements to predict the development trend of the experimental area by using gray model. The result shows that the cultivated land shrink year by year before 2015, the one of forest increases, so does the one of grassland. The inner structure shows as the increase of artificial grassland and decrease of natural grassland. The ecological environment is generally optimized.5. Based on the analysis of "the challenges and opportunities of development," to target at the problems of the Shanghuang experimental area, we may offer the following suggestions. (1) Stick to the combination of the orientation from market and government.( 2) Develop the unique agriculture according to the advantages of the area. (3) Strengthen the investment of labor force. (4) Lead the agriculture production with agriculture market.( 5) Strengthen the training of the peasants to enlarge their employment market.更多还原