瓦格纳与威尔第歌剧创作风格之比较研究

【作者】 韩晓燕；

【导师】 王翼亭；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 音乐学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 歌剧是一种由诗歌、音乐、戏剧表演、舞蹈等多种独立艺术综合而成舞台艺术形式,自第一部歌剧在意大利佛罗伦萨诞生以来,就以其独特的魅力、旺盛的生命力征服了几个世纪的观众,在文明社会的每一个角落里都受到广泛的欢迎和推崇,其影响之大,流传之广,历史渊源之深,都是其它音乐体裁所无法比拟的,它被视为世界文化艺术的稀世珍宝。凡举一个时代在政治、文化、社会风尚上的巨大变化,总会在这个时代的歌剧艺术中清楚的表现出来,瓦格纳与威尔第的歌剧创作正好说明了这一点。他们出生在同一时代,同是伟大的音乐家,又是伟大的戏剧家,但是由于他们各自国家不同的政治经济、文化传统,又决定了他们在歌剧创作风格上的差异性。尽管如此,瓦格纳与威尔第的创作目标是一致的,他们都认为歌剧作为一种必须适应新的社会发展需要的艺术,无论是在内容方面还是形式方面都应当有所革新,以跟上时代的步伐,满足人民大众的审美要求。瓦格纳与威尔第这对“歌剧的孪生巨人”也正是本着顺应时代发展的原则进行创作的,他们对歌剧艺术的发展作出的贡献也是我们有目共睹的。瓦格纳的歌剧创作是在德国民族歌剧的基础上产生和发展起来的,他全盘继承了巴赫、亨德尔、莫扎特、贝多芬、韦伯等先辈作曲家的创作传统,并最终使这一传统开花结果,因此他被认为是德国歌剧的完成者;而威尔第则是意大利歌剧的集大成者,他始终扎根于意大利歌剧的优秀传统,终于把这种由蒙特威尔第开创的意大利歌剧传统带到了空前绝后、尽善尽美的境地。他创作的一生,代表了意大利十九世纪下半叶歌剧发展的历史。他们二人的歌剧创作与革新在当时都引起了巨大的轰动与影响,他们的创作手法也纷纷被他们各自的追随者所效仿,他们的作品为世界音乐宝库增添了绚丽的光彩。本文选择瓦格纳与威尔第进行比较,也正是出于他们二人在歌剧发展史上的突出贡献以及他们在歌剧的改革与创新等方面存在着继承与发展的关系,笔者想通过在对比二者歌剧创作的联系与差异中,使我们对瓦格纳与威尔第各自的创作风格有一个更为全面、深入的了解,同时还能够为广大音乐爱好者在欣赏或演唱二者的歌剧作品时起到一个启迪的作用。文章分为四个部分:引言,揭示本论文的选题意义,明确研究重点与研究方法。第一章,简要叙述歌剧作曲家瓦格纳与威尔第的生平与创作历程。第二章,从若干角度着重对二人的歌剧创作风格进行分析比较。第三章,简要概述瓦格纳与威尔第歌剧创作的历史贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Opera is a stage performance combined by many independent arts including poem, music and drama performance. Since the first opera came into the world from Florence in Italy, it conquered audience of several centuries, as well as hailed and canonized by every corner of the civilized society. With remarkable influence, wide spread, and deep historic root, opera is regarded as a rare treasure of the artistic world culture. Opera always clearly exhibit the immense transformation of the politics, culture and social fashion of the times which is verified by the works of Wagner and Verdi. Both of them were of the same period and great musician as well as opera experts; however the difference of the political economic and cultural tradition of their own countries decided their stylistic difference. Nevertheless, the goal of their creation, accorded with each other. Both of them consider opera as an essential art for social development, both the contents and forms should be innovative and keep pace with times to meet the aesthetic requirements of the public. Wagner and Verdi, the twins created works following the trend of the times, and their contribution to the development of opera is recognized by us. Wagner developed his works on the basis of Germanic ethnic Opera, he follows the tradition of previous composers such as Bach, Handel, Mozart, Beethoven, Web and etc, therefore, and he was honored as the accomplisher of the Germanic opera. Whereas, Verdi is the combing talent of Italian Opera, he rooted from splendid tradition of the Italian opera, and brought the Italian opera tradition initiated by Montreal to its prime surpassing the past and future. His works represented the historic development of the Italian opera in the second half of the 19th century. Both of them caused blockbuster in their times by their works and innovation, which followed by their followers. Their works add color to the world treasure of music.This dissertation is to make a comparison between Wagner and Verdi, resulting from their contribution to the opera development and as well as innovation and inheritance relationship between them. The author expects to throw light on the composing style of Wagner and Verdi by revealing their connection and difference via comparison, which enables us to have an all round and further understanding of them, meanwhile, provides enlightenment to the music lovers public to appreciate and perform their works.This dissertation is divided into four parts:Chapter 1 introduces the meaning of the dissertation, and specifies the researchemphases and methods.Chapter 2 briefs the life and composing history of Wagner and Verdi.Chapter 3 makes a comparison between the composing style between Wagner and Verdi. Chapter 4 gives a brief introduction of the historic contribution of Wagner and Verdi to Opera.更多还原