【作者】 孙利伟；

【导师】 李钦； 王先友；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 中药学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 地黄叶为玄参科植物地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.)的干燥叶。地黄的传统药用部位是块根,为“四大怀药”之一。地黄叶多作为肥料或焚烧掉,为了充分开发利用地黄叶资源,本文调查了地黄资源、品种状况;研究了地黄叶的生药学特性;研究了地黄叶贮藏过程中梓醇含量变化规律;制订了地黄叶的质量标准草案。分别制备地黄叶的表皮制片、徒手切片、石蜡切片法以及粉末制片,利用光学显微镜观察地黄叶的组织特征、表皮特征和粉末特征;地黄叶粉末制片,可观察到腺毛、非腺毛(2～6个细胞不等)及螺纹导管;5%KOH解离制片,可见叶脉内排列紧密的螺纹导管;地黄叶表皮制片,可见深波状表皮细胞、气孔,气孔轴式有直轴式、不等式(副卫细胞3～4个,其中一个较另外两个明显小)、不定式(副卫细胞3～6个,其大小基本相同,与其它表皮细胞的形状相似)三种,上、下表皮皆有气孔,下表皮气孔排列密集,上表皮较稀疏;地黄叶横切片,可见表皮细胞长圆形,主脉下表皮由2层细胞组成,其他部位表皮由1层细胞组成,主脉和较大侧脉由维管束和厚角组织构成,木质部位于向茎面,木质部导管被番红染成红色,韧皮部位于背茎面,维管束下方有厚角组织分布;叶肉包括栅栏组织和海绵组织,栅栏组织位于上表皮下方,由1列排列紧密的长圆柱形细胞组成,栅栏组织内布满散点状叶绿体,下表皮下无栅栏组织,栅栏组织不通过叶脉;海绵组织位于栅栏组织与下表皮之间,由一些类圆形的薄壁细胞组成,细胞间隙大,排列疏松如海绵状,细胞内含的叶绿体较栅栏组织少;地黄叶表皮制片,用水合氯醛试液透化,对其脉岛数进行测定,脉岛数为19～20.6～24,栅表比为4.8～6.1～7.5,下表皮气孔指数17.2～21.2～23.6,上表皮气孔指数4.2～6.8～9.6,下表皮气孔指数明显大于上表皮。建立了高效液相色谱法测定地黄叶中主要有效成分梓醇含量的方法,并进行了方法学考察;以梓醇含量为指标,采用正交设计,优选了地黄叶中梓醇的最佳提取工艺为:水煎煮提取,提取2次,每次1h;研究了室温贮藏条件下,地黄叶中梓醇含量变化规律,发现7、8、9三个月梓醇含量下降明显,其他月份梓醇含量变化不大。六个品种地黄叶中梓醇含量测定结果显示:北京一号叶中梓醇含量最高,为5.63%,北京三号叶中梓醇含量最低,为2.28%,可见同一产区同一采集时间不同品种地黄叶中梓醇含量有明显差异。地黄品种众多,分布广泛,以河南产者最佳,地黄道地性研究能更好促进对其科学的种植和管理;地黄叶具有独特显微特征,具有重要鉴别意义,其性状特征可作为生药地黄叶的性状鉴定和质量标准的依据;通过自然贮藏条件下对地黄叶中梓醇含量变化情况的研究,显示梓醇含量下降明显,可能受温度湿度影响较大;为地黄叶的综合开发利用提供必要的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The leaf of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Is the scrophulariaceae plant. Glutinous rehmannia’s traditional for medicinal is the root tuber.The leaf usually burns down as the fertilizer, as to develop the advantage land yellow leaf resources fully,Investigate leaves′resources and variety condition of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.;the Pharmaconosy﹑ the quality specification and catapol’s content change situation research in normal stores.Conducts the histology research used the optical microscope to the leaf through epidermis movie-making,unarmed slice,paraffin wax slicing as well as powder movie-making;The paraffin wax slicing carries on the organization,the cytology research to the leaf; The Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. in the national distribution is widespread,and the variety is numerous;The leaf powder movie-making,may observe the glandular hair,the non-glandular hair(2～6 cells)and the spiral vessel;the 5%KOH dissociation movie-making,in the leaf vein arranges the close spiral vessel obviously;through epidermis movie-making,observed epidermal cell,blowhole,the blowhole shaft type has the straight axle type,the inequality (subsidiary cell 3～4,one is smaller compares other two), the infinitive(subsidiary cell 3～6,epidermal cell’s shape similar)three kinds,the top and bottom epidermis all has the blowhole,blowhole arrangement to be crowded in epidermis below,above the epidermis is sparse.The latitudinal section,under the main Leaf vein the epidermis is composed obviously by 2 layers cells,other is composed of 1 layer,the main Leaf vein and the big side veins by Bundle and the collenchyma,the xylem located at to the stem surface,the xylem drive pipe are dyed red by the safranine,the bast located at the back stem surface,underneath Bundle has the collenchyma distribution;The mesophyll including the Palisade tissue and the Spongy tissue,the Palisade tissue located at on epidermis underneath,is composed of 1 row arrangement close oval cylindrical cell,in the Palisade tissue covers entirely disperses the punctual chloroplast,under the epidermis there is no Palisade tissue,the Palisade tissue does not pass the leaf vein;The Spongy tissue located at the Palisade tissue with under epidermis,is composed of some kind of circular’s parenchyma cell,the intercellular space is big,arrangement loose like sponginess,the cell content’s chloroplast compares the Palisade tissue to be few;The leaf epidermis movie-making, passes with the chloral hydrate passes,carries on the determination to its arteries island number,the arteries island number is 19～20.6～24,the Palisade tissue cell and epidermal cell ratio is 4.8～6.1～7.5,epidermis below stomatal index 17.2～21.2～23.6,epidermis above is 4.2～6.8～9.6 ,epidermis below stomatal index is bigger than above.Used highly performance liquid chromatography to carry on the contents determination to its main effective component;Taked the catalpl as the target,Used orthogonal experiment to arrange and to carry on the experiment,definite optimum extraction craft on leaf;has studied under the room temperature storage conditions,catalpal′s change rule.the optimum extraction craft is:The water decoction extraction,2 times,each time 1h In the orthogonal;To six variety yellow leaves content determination result is:Beijing No.1 is the most high of 5.63%, Beijing No.3 is the most high of 2.28%,and content has the obvious difference in the different varieties;Through the room temperature storage condition content′s change research,discovered that 7,8,9 three monthes catalpol′s content drops obviously.The variety is numerous and the distribution is widespread,now only Henan producing is the best,the ecliptic nature research can a better promotion to its science planter and the management;The leaf has the unique micro characteristic,has the important distinction significance,its characteristic may take the character appraisal and the quality specification basis ;Through the nature storage conditions research,demonstrated that the content drops obviously,possibly receives the temperature humidity effect;Provides the essential theory basis for leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. comprehensive development use.更多还原