【作者】 王春华；

【导师】 李志英；

【作者基本信息】 北京师范大学 ， 中国近现史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 经济主权是近年来国内外学术界研究的热点,但目前的研究范围局限于国际法、国际经济法等领域,时间上集中在当代,对近代中国的经济主权少有研究,这就为经济主权研究留下许多盲点。本文选择李鸿章作为个案,对近代中国的经济主权研究作一些尝试。19世纪70年代以前,李鸿章接触到一些涉外经济事务,对经济主权有一些初步的认识,但并未形成明确的经济主权观念。70年代以后,面对两次鸦片战争以后中国经济主权大量丧失,利源外泄的严重局面,加上近代国际法输入中国和幕友同僚的影响,李鸿章在外交和办理洋务的实践中,逐步形成较为明确清晰的经济主权观念。其内涵主要包括轮船、采矿、铁路、电报等是中国主权或自主之权,保利权,渐收利权等。李鸿章的经济主权实践主要集中在外交和经济两个方面,在外交上,李鸿章通过商约谈判极力阻止欧美列强对中国经济主权的侵夺,在一定程度上阻止或延缓了中国经济主权的丧失进程。在经济上,李鸿章在自办近代民用企业,抵制欧美列强对中国经济主权的侵夺,保我利权或渐收利权的同时,在对外经济交涉中,依靠国家和政府的支持,或并购外资企业,或购回外商擅设的铁路电报,或与外商订立齐价合同,部分收回经济主权。从总体上说,李鸿章的经济主权观念还处于萌芽状态,大多就具体事而发,缺少一个完整清晰的概念,对国家主权的国际背景及理论渊源知之甚少,认识上有很大的局限性。在此种观念的指导下,李鸿章虽采取一系列具体措施挽回经济主权,部分捍卫了中国的经济主权,但措施不够得力,实际效果上也很有限。李鸿章挽回经济主权的努力并未扭转近代中国经济主权不断丧失的总体趋势,其原因很复杂,主要包括:中外政治、经济、军事等力量对比悬殊;清政府腐败,维护经济主权的能力低下;不平等条约制度已确立,中外不平等格局已形成,短时间内难以改变;洋务运动实际成果有限,未能改变清王朝日渐衰落的总趋势;李鸿章自身的局限性;等。但并不能因此否定李鸿章在捍卫近代中国经济主权上所作的努力,应避免用绝对的经济主权观评价李鸿章,既要肯定李鸿章经济主权实践部分收回经济主权的积极作用,也不应忽视李鸿章经济主权观念和经济主权实践中所存在的局限性,对李鸿章的经济主权观念和经济主权实践给予适当的评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 The economic sovereignty has becoming a very popular topic in the domestic and international academic circles in recent years , but the current range of research limit at the realms, such as international law and international economic law etc, and concentrate on time at contemporary, This thesis chooses Li Hung Chang’s indeed as a individual case for making a trial to the economic sovereignty research of modern China in which rare research has been done.Before 1870s, Li Hung Chang had less definite economic sovereignty idea in spite of his many contact with foreign affairs and foreign economic business. However,after 1870s, facing the Chinese economic sovereignty loses in great quantities, the importation of western modern international law to China and the influence of his friends and associates, Li Hung Chang had clear economic sovereignty idea gradually in the practice of diplomacy and the Yangwu Movement. Its content mainly includes the steamer, mines, railroad, telegram etc. is Chinese sovereignty or independent powers, protecting the benefit power and taking back benefit power .Li Hung Chang ’s economic sovereignty practices mainly concentrated on two aspects of diplomacy and economy. In diplomacy, to some extent ,Li Hung Chang obstructed the Euro-American great powers to violate to the Chinese economic sovereignty by diplomatic negotiation . On the economy, Li Hung Chang, boycotted the Euro-American great powers to violate to the Chinese economic sovereignty by the establishment of the modern civil enterprise. In addition , Li Hung Chang bought the overseas-funded enterprises.Totally , Li Hung Chang ’s economic sovereignty idea is in the very first step, mostly concrete, less clear concept, and no theories origins . Li Hung Chang’s measure to save the economic sovereignty is very limited in the actual result as well.However, Li Hung Chang’s practice did not change the total trend of China’s economic sovereignty losses. its reason is:the huge difference between China and Western countries in politics, economy and military power; the corrupt Qing government that the ability of safeguarging the economic sovereignty was low; The unequal treaties system had already established and was unchangeable in a short time; the actual result of the Yangwu Movemen was limited, can not change the total trend that the Qing government gradually falled off;the limit of Li Hung Chang ’s character .In spite of that, We should evalue Li Hung Chang and his practice in safeguarging China’s economic sovereignty objectively, historically and scientifically.更多还原