【作者】 鲁春阳；

【导师】 杨庆媛；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,我国正处于加快构建社会主义和谐社会,扎实推进社会主义新农村建设和现代农业建设的重要时期。2007年中央“一号文件”明确指出,要鼓励和支持符合产业政策的乡镇企业发展。乡镇企业的发展是解决“三农”问题,促进统筹城乡发展的重要途径。重庆市是大城市与大农村并存的直辖市,城乡二元结构突出,统筹城乡发展面临特殊的困难。乡镇企业与“三农”的天然联系决定了其在统筹城乡发展中的特殊作用。土地问题是乡镇企业发展面临的首要问题。随着市场条件和宏观经济政策的变化,乡镇企业用地问题日益突出,不仅不利于乡镇企业可持续发展,还对重庆市耕地保护造成很大的冲击。因此,研究乡镇企业用地存在的问题及其驱动因素,探索合理的乡镇企业用地模式,不仅能够缓解耕地保护的压力,同时为乡镇企业的可持续发展提供物质基础,而且对促进城乡统筹、缩小城乡差距,加快新农村建设、构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文在相关理论分析的基础上,围绕乡镇企业用地问题这一中心任务展开。首先,分析重庆市乡镇企业用地中存在的主要问题;其次,对乡镇企业用地问题的驱动因素进行了研究;再次,提出了重庆市乡镇企业用地模式的选择及优化;最后提出乡镇企业用地的政策建议。主要的研究结论:(1)重庆市乡镇企业用地存在的主要问题有占地面积大,土地集约水平低,同时还存在着用地分散,土地利用效率低、土地资产流失等,不利于乡镇企业的可持续发展和土地资源可持续利用。(2)基于社会燃烧理论,采用利益分析和制度分析的方法,来研究影响乡镇企业用地问题的驱动因素。将乡镇企业用地问题看作是一种燃烧现象发生。它的“燃烧物质”——企业交易成本高和农地比较效益低,“助燃剂”——地方政府短期行为、土地管理法律缺位和土地产权、权能模糊,“点火温度”——农村工业化。(3)结合重庆市乡镇企业的发展水平,按照集约用地原则,提出耕作层剥离模式、零增地技改模式、立体利用模式、腾龙换鸟模式、园区集中模式、标准化厂房模式、飞地模式和循环经济模式共8种用地模式。提出乡镇企业用地模式发展的方向是由分散型向集聚型转变,再由集聚型向生态型转变。(4)保障乡镇企业合理用地,就必须科学编制土地利用规划,尤其是村镇级规划,合理确定乡镇企业用地规模;改革农村集体土地产权制度,规范集体土地市场,建立和完善集体建设用地基准地价体系和定级估价制度:完善《土地管理法》中的相关条款,设立土地利用开发法律制度,提高现行的征地补偿标准:建立乡镇企业节约集约用地评价体系和科学的政绩考核制度;制定优惠政策推动企业向“园区”集中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now，it is an important time to build socialist harmony to push new socialist rural and construct modern agriculture. "the first document" of 2007 indicates that township enterprise which accord with industry policy should be sustained and encouraged the development of township enterprise can solve "three agriculture" and advance urban-rural plan as a whole. Chongqing is a big urban and big rural province ,urban-rural duality structure is extrusive , the natural relation between township enterprise and "three agriculture" decides the special function of township enterprise to solve urban-rural plan as a whole. Land problem is the chief problem for the development of township enterprise, with the change of market and macroscopical economic policy, land use problem of township enterprise becomes more extrusive, it is harmful for the sustainable development of township enterprise and land resources. Moreover, effects the cultivated land security. therefore, the study on land use problem and its driving factors , exploring the rational land use model, can not only decrease the pressure of cultivated land conservation, but provide substantial base for township enterprise, at the same time ,it can advance urban-rural plan as a whole , reduce urban-rural difference , quicken new rural construction and build social harmony.This paper bases on theory analysis and focuses on the land use problem of township enterprise.first, analyzing land use problem of township enterprise; then, studying the driving factors; third, putting forward the option and optimize of land use model; finally, advancing the policy suggestions.the main outcomes include:(1) the main problems of Chongqing township enterprise include land use area is too big, the intensivism is low, layout is disperse, land use efficiency is low, land asset is lost .all these are unfavorable to land sustainable development.(2) Based on social burnt theory ,adopting benefit and system analysismethod, studying the driving factors. Its "burnt substance" -----the high deal costand the low relative benefit of agriculture land. Its "combustion-supporting"— —short-term behavior of local government、absence of land management law、faintness of land property right. Its "ignition temperature"------ruralindustrialization.(3) according to the development level of township enterprise and intensive principle, this paper puts forward eight land use model, peeling cultivated level model、technique betterment without increasing land model、tridimensional use model and so on. the model will change form scattered to intensivism ,and then to ecopety.(4) in order to ensure the township enterprise land use ,we should lay out land use plan, especially villatic, make certain the land use size ;reform the rural collective land property right, criterion collective land market, build norm land-value system and appraise system; perfect land management law, set up tridimensional land use system ,improve imposition land standard; build intensive evaluation system and scientific achievements examine system; drive township enterprise to centralize.更多还原