《左传》省略研究

【作者】 孙明；

【导师】 张文国；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对《左传》省略这种语法现象做了全面而深入的分析。全文由“绪论”、“《左传》省略的界定与分类”、“《左传》句子成分的省略”、“《左传》主语省略的规律”和“结论”五部分组成。“绪论”共分两部分。第一部分是“研究综述”,简要概括了古今学者对省略这种语法现象研究的历史。第二部分是“选题价值”,简要说明了该选题所具有的理论意义和应用价值。第一章“《左传》省略的界定与分类”对《左传》的省略进行了界定,并从多种角度对其省略做了分类。本文赞同吕叔湘先生《汉语语法分析问题》中省略的界定标准,深入地分析了之所以采用此标准的原因,即评述了该界定标准的优劣,并以此标准界定了《左传》中的省略。根据省略方式的不同把省略分为承前省、蒙后省与背景省;根据省略的成分是否相同把省略分为单一省与错杂省;根据省略所在的分句和其所对应的未省略成分所在的分句之间的关系,即是否被其它的分句隔开,把省略分为连续省与间隔省;根据省略出现的不同语境把省略分为对话省与叙事省;根据所省略内容的不同性质把省略分为成分省与句子省。在每类省略下面,都简要地说明了该类省略的特点。第二章“《左传》句子成分的省略”以省略的方式(即承前省、蒙后省、背景省)为纲,分别详细探讨了《左传》中主语、谓语、宾语、兼语、定语等五类句子成分的省略问题。通过对《左传》句子成分省略的整理与分析,明确了句法结构中哪些成分可以省略,省略的方式如何及其各自是相对于何种成分而省略。第三章“《左传》主语省略的规律”以主语承前省略为例考察了《左传》省略的规律。本章又分为两部分。第一部分为“主语省略中的词汇手段”。《左传》主语的省略遵循着两种规律:同一律和排斥律。要判断省略的成分是什么还需要借助词汇手段的帮助。词汇手段主要包括两种:词汇复现和词汇同现。在词汇手段的辅助下,多种省略可以错杂使用,连散为整。第二部分“主语省略与先秦汉语语法特点”将汉语与西方语言作比较。认为西方语言是“词本位”的语法,而先秦汉语是“篇本位”的语法。主语省略是形成“篇本位”语句组织特点的关键因素。“结论”部分对《左传》省略这种语法现象的特点以及由此所反映的先秦汉语的语法特点进行了总结:1、先秦汉语省略的种类比现代汉语多且复杂,说明先秦汉语的意合性要比现代汉语强。2、与现代汉语相比,先秦汉语句子成分的省略不仅数量繁多,而且方式也更为复杂。3、词汇手段是实现先秦汉语主语省略的条件,而主语省略又是形成先秦“篇本位”句法组织特点的关键因素。4、从省略可以看出,汉语是一种意合型的语言,先秦汉语的意合性尤其强。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article made a comprehensive and in-depth analysis to ellipsis, a kind of grammar phenomenon of Zuozhuan. It is composed of five parts, "Introduction", "Definition and classification of Zuozhuan"’, "ellipsis of sentence composition of Zuozhuan", "Law of subject ellipsis of Zuozhuan" and "Conclusion".The introduction is divided into two parts. The first part is "the research summary". It summarized the history of ellipsis research, made by ancient and modern scholars. The second part is "the value of the topic". It explained the theoretical significance and the practical values.The first chapter gave the definition of ellipsis of Zuozhuan, and then classified from many kinds of angles. This paper approves of the defined standard in Hanyu Yufa Fenxi Venti by Lu Shuxiang. We gave the reasons for using this standard, and also commented on the merits of this definition .According to the way of ellipsis, we divided it into the ellipsis according to the front, the ellipsis according to the back, and the background ellipsis. According to the omitted composition, we divided it into the sole ellipsis and the alternate ellipsis. According to whether there are other clauses between the sentence with ellipsis and the sentence without ellipsis, we divided it into the continual ellipsis and the interrupted ellipsis. According to the context, we divide it into the dialog ellipsis and narrative ellipsis. According to the nature, we divide it into the of sentences ellipsis and the composition ellipsis. In each category, we explained the characteristics of ellipsis briefly.The second chapter took the way of ellipsis as a lead, talked about ellipsis of five types composition of sentences of Zuozhuan in detail. By doing this, we could make sure how many kinds of composition can be omitted, and could discover the way to omit, etc.The third chapter inspected the ellipsis laws of Zuozhuan, taking the subject ellipsis as an example. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part discovered two kinds of rules that subject ellipsis followed. With the help of glossary methods, many kinds of ellipsis can be mixed together. The second part compared Chinese with the Western languages, founding that the Western languages have the grammar of "word standard", and Chinese in pre-Qin period has the grammar of "text standard".The conclusion has carried on the summary to the characteristics of ellipsis of Zuozhuan and the characteristics of Chinese grammar in pre-Qin period. 1st, the classification of ellipsis in pre-Qin period is more complex than now. This explained that the nature of parataxis of Chinese in pre-Qin period is stronger than modern Chinese. 2nd, the way of ellipsis is more complex in Chinese in pre-Qin period. 3rd, the glossary methods are the conditions to realizes the subject ellipsis. 4th, We can see from ellipsis that Chinese is a language of parataxis. Particularly, the nature of parataxis of Chinese in pre-Qin period is much stronger.更多还原