【作者】 孔凡镕；

【导师】 王美春；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 残疾人运动的制度化起源于1948年的英国。从1960年第一届残疾人运动会在罗马举行,至今举办了12届夏季残奥会和7届冬季残奥会,国际残疾人体育发展迅速,残疾人体育竞技水平不断提高;国际残疾人体育赛事制度不断完善,残奥会成为与奥运会平行的最高水平的国际残疾人体育赛事。2000年6月19日,国际奥委会和国际残疾人奥委会签署协议:从2008年夏季残奥会和2010年冬季残奥会开始,残奥会不仅将在奥运会之后的相同城市举行,并应使用相同的运动场馆和设施。这一协议,使举办奥运会的城市以同等规格举办残奥会由惯例提升为规定。当前世界残疾人体育出现了以下几个方面的趋向:一是残疾人体育越来越受到各国的重视。为了保障残疾人的权利,在美国、加拿大、日本、德国、澳大利亚等发达国家都先后在有关法律中做出了明文规定。二是竞技化趋势。随着竞赛制度、医学分级制度的完善,残疾人体育比赛水平越来越高,竞争越来越激烈,出现了竞技化趋势,表现在训练实行专业化和半专业化,组织建设上设立集训式国家队。三是比赛规模越来越大。在1960年首届残疾人奥运会上,只有23个国家的约400名运动员参赛,而到了2004年12届雅典奥运会上参赛国家和地区达到136个,运动员人数达到4000多名。四是科技化趋势。随着竞赛水平的提高,训练手段、运动康复、运动营养补给、运动器械等都在大量借鉴健全人体育科学经验,同时也根据残疾人自身的特点进行有针对性地研究。近些年来,我省残疾人竞技体育呈现出良好的发展势头。特别是在第六届全国残运会上,我省取得了全国第六名的优异成绩,名次比上届前移二位;在第十二届残奥会上,我省实现了在残奥会上金牌零的突破,获奖牌数量是上届的三倍。在第七届全国残运会上奖牌榜列全国第四位、总分榜列全国第七位的优异成绩。与上届相比,金牌数超出23枚(上届24枚)、奖牌总数超出57枚(上届65枚)、总分超出244.5分(上届589.5分)。从表面上看,纵向比较,我省残疾人竞技体育,可谓日新月异,突飞猛进,形势大好,这也使许多人对我省残疾人竞技体育再创佳绩寄予了更高的期望;但向深处看,横向比较,我省残疾人竞技体育面临的形势不容乐观,存在的问题比较突出,与一些残疾人竞技体育强省、强市相比,差距比较明显。这也使业内人士深感焦虑,对我省残疾人竞技体育再创佳绩压力很大。如何正确评价成绩,总结经验;如何清醒看到问题,吸取教训;如何科学确定任务和目标,有针对性的制定对策和措施;如何选拔和训练残疾人运动员,建立残疾人体育人才库;如何建立残疾人体育训练基地;如何确立和布局残疾人体育项目、特别是重点项目;如何解决残疾人体育经费不足问题;如何建立残疾人运动员的激励机制等问题都有待于认真解决。本文将对我省残疾人竞技体育的发展过去进行了总结,对残疾人竞技体育的发展现状进行了分析研究,并在此基础上提出了解决问题的建议和对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been a good tendency that disabled athletics sports began to develop in Shandong province in recent years. Especially, Shandong province has got a good achievement in the sixth national disabled game and got the sixth. Our province has implemented historical breakthrough in the twelfth Paralympic Games. The number of the medal is in the fourth place, the total mark is in the seventh place. Comparing with last game, the number of the golden medal is 23, the total number of the medals is 57, the total mark has gone beyond 244.5. Ostensibly, the disabled athletics sports has changed with passing day, advanced rapidly and has got a good position. That made many people show higher expectation to get a good grade again for disabled athletics sports in our province. But through deeply thought, Comparing landscape orientation, our disabled athletics sports is faced with difficult position and has a lot of problems. The gap is very distinctness comparing with other provinces. This made some experts who feel some pressure for making a good mark again very worried. How to value achievements correctly, summarize the experiences; how to realize problems and assimilate lessons; how to confirm task and aims correctly and make some countermeasures; how to select and train disabled sports players and build disabled sports talents tank; How to build disabled sports talents training base; How to establish disabled sports item, especial important items; How to solve some problems of disabled sports expenditure. How to build inspirit system for disabled sports talents. These problems are waiting to be solved. This article will summarize for the past of the disabled sports development in our province and analyze carefully the present as well. At the same time some countermeasure and strategy will bring forward on the basis of it.This paper is divided four parts: The first part: preface. This part mainly talks about the meaning of the title, the item and theory understanding of the disabled sports. Theory sustain system of developing the disabled sports has been discussed. The second part: survey objects and researching method. Survey objects are leaders coaches and sportsmen; Researching methods including documents data. questionnaire,stat1sties and logical and analysis. The third part: Researching result and discussion. This part mainly talks about the following contents: Firstly it refers the disabled sports development course which includes the item of establishment and achievements, organization management system, scientific research and contest serve safeguard system. Secondly It refers development present and analysis which discussed carefully the present of item and achievements, organize management system and scientific research. The third part is researching countermeasure of disabled sports development. The following countermeasure has been put forward through detailed analysis for the course and present: setting up a special organization of the disabled contest development; Setting up investment and scientific management; develop the resource of the financing; cultivate and bring up many persons qualified persons who are devoted to the disabled athletics sports; Driving to build multi-service system. The fourth part: conclusion and suggestion. This part summarizes and puts forward some suggestions for the development of disabled athletics sports.更多还原