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彩色马蹄莲种球生产关键技术研究
Study on Key Techniques of Tubers Production of Zantedeschia Hybrida
【作者】 黄普乐;
【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 , 农业推广, 2007, 硕士
【摘要】 彩色马蹄莲(Zantedeschia hybrida)属天南星科(Araceae)马蹄莲属(Zantedeschia)的球根花卉,是世界驰名的切花。近几年来,我国花费大量外汇从国外引进种球种,栽培规模不断扩大。然而目前国内关于彩色马蹄莲种球生产技术研究却不多,因此对其进行研究,建立高效的彩色马蹄莲种球生产技术,这对减少外汇支出、增加花农收入等具有很重要的现实意义。本研究以彩色马蹄莲品种‘Black magic’为材料,对彩色马蹄莲离体快繁、采后贮藏、解除休眠、促进开花等商品种球产业化生产关键技术措施进行了研究。探讨提高初代培养成功率的有效措施;研究生长素的种类和浓度对不定芽诱导增殖的影响;研究不同蔗糖浓度的培养基对不定芽生根和壮苗的影响;研究炼苗处理、移栽时间对组培苗瓶苗移栽成活率影响;研究降低在贮藏过程中出现的腐烂率的影响因素;研究不同规格大小的种球打破休眠,促进发芽的有效途径;研究促进不同规格大小的种球开花的有效措施。结果如下:1.用0.1%的Hgcl2对彩色马蹄莲长约0.5cm的小方块的外植体进行常规灭菌,一年生种球的块茎芽灭菌时间以12min对于提高初代培养成活率的效果最好,成活率达到43.3%,二年生和三年生种球的块茎芽的最佳灭菌时间以16min效果最好,成活率约达到33.4%;2.不定芽的诱导增殖:在MS培养基上,BA2.0+GA30.3激素配比组合可以比较稳定地诱导出较高的增殖倍数,达到5.3倍,而且丛生芽长势较强,颜色鲜绿,具有较强的韧性,在继代接种时不易折断,是最佳激素和浓度配比。3.组培苗壮苗生根:采用1/2MS培养基,在激素配比相同(IBA0.5mg/L)的条件下,当蔗糖浓度为10g/L时,壮苗生根的效果好而且经济,小苗平均生根数较多,为3.2根,而且苗高适中,健壮;根比较粗壮。4.组培苗瓶苗移栽:室外炼苗3d处理最有利于彩色马蹄莲组培苗瓶苗移栽成活,移栽20天后调查组培苗成活率达100%,比不炼苗的处理高20个百分点;80天后调查组培苗成活率达88%,比不炼苗的处理高22个百分点。试验中组培苗瓶苗在3月10日移栽成活率最高,为100%;随着时间的推移,环境温度的升高,其移栽成活率逐渐降低,到7月25日移栽,其成活率降到34%。5.降低种球贮藏期间腐烂率:0.1%高锰酸钾或0.1%农用链霉素单独消毒处理,亦能有效降低腐烂率,但效果最明显的是0.1%高锰酸钾+农用链霉素混合处理,处理15min后一年生种球贮藏50d腐烂率比对照降低了71%。和室温(5℃-15℃)环境相比较,低温(2℃~5℃)贮藏环境对降低种球腐烂率效果明显;另外在相同的贮藏环境下,随着种球规格的增大,其腐烂率呈下降趋势。6.解除休眠、促进发芽:高温(22℃-25℃)和GA3处理均能有效解除彩色马蹄莲种球休眠,促进其发芽,而其中高温的作用更加明显。“高温+GA3”处理对促进彩色马蹄莲种球发芽,解除休眠的效果最好,在60d和80d后发芽率分别达到53.3%和93.3%。另外试验表明:种球淀粉含量的降幅和种球的发芽率基本成正相关,即淀粉含量降低越多的处理,其种球发芽越早,发芽率亦越高。7.种球开花处理:一年生种球的最佳处理为“高温+GA3(200mg/kg)”,处理后开花率约为36.7%,二年生种球的最佳处理为“高温+GA3(300mg/kg)”,处理后开花率为66.7%,三年生种球的最佳处理为“高温+GA3(300mg/kg)”,处理后开花率为83.3%,以上处理保持植株有良好的总体观赏效果的同时,还有较高的开花率。
【Abstract】 Colorful calla lily (Zantedeschia hybrida) is a famous flower, widely cultivated through out the world. In recent years, our country spent a great deal of foreign exchange to import tubers, the cultivated area extend rapidly, However the local concerning the tubers production technique research of colorful calla lily currently is not much, so carry on a research, build up an efficiently colorful calla lily tubers production technique, this has very important and realistic meaning to reducing the foreign exchange expenditure and increasing the flower agriculture income.The material of the following studies is colorful calla lily (Zantedeschia hybrida), belongs to the family Araceae and the genus Zantedeschia. Key techniques of rapid propagation in vitro, tubers storage, dormancy release and florescence promoted were investigated. In this study, Colorful calla lily ’Black magic’ were used as experiment material. In order to find a good treatment to remove pollutants from explants in the initial culture. Next experiment was to induce adventitious bud, and to find what influence on proliferation of adventitious bud under the treatments of different types and concentrations hormones. After that, different sugar content were investigated to see which treatment was good for adventitious bud to rooting and growing. Then we studied different treatments of toughening plantlets and different transplanting time which influencing on the rate of survival plantlets. Contrasting the different disinfectant, different storage temperature, different size tuber, studying the efficient treatment of reducing rot tubers which appears in the process in the storage. Studied these treatments of different size tubers, different storage temperature and different GA3Content, in order to find efficient way of dormancy release. Studied different storage temperature and different GA3 content which influencing florescence promoted on different size tubers .The results showed:1. decrease the pollute rate in initial tissue culture: Using 0.1 Hgcl2 pretreated explants different time. The results showed: 12min is the best time for tuber bud which growing one year,the surviving explants reached 43.3%.16min is the best time for tuber bud which growing two or three year,the survival explants is about 33.3%.2. induce and proliferation adventitious buds: The best treatment of induce and proliferation adventitious buds was BA2.0mg/L+ GA0.3mg/L +MS medium. After that, not only the proliferation multiple of adventitious buds is about 5.3,but also the adventitious buds growing strong with fresh green and good tenacity.3. Growing and rooting of plantlets: 1/2MS medium + IBA0.5mg/L+ Cane sugar 10g/L was the most useful treatment to plantlet’s growing and rooting. The average number of rooting is 3.2, the plantlets and roots growing strong with right length.4. transplanting of plantlet: Toughening plantlets 3d outdoors was the most useful treatment to plantlet’s transplanting, After transplanting 20d, the survival rate of plantlets was 100%, After transplanting 80d, the survival rate of plantlets was 88%. In this experiment, March 10 was the best transplanting time, After transplanting 20d,the survival rate of plantlets was 100%;with changing of time, because the environment temperature heats up, the survival rate of plantlets was falling gradually, transplanting on July 25, the survival rate of plantlets was falling to 34%.5. Decrease the percent of rot tubers in the storage: Antisepsis of tuber with 0.1% potassium permanganate or streptomycin single can decrease the rot rate, dipping in "0.1% potassium permanganate + streptomycin (15min)" was the most useful treatment to tuber’s antisepsis, After storage 50d, the rot rate of one year tubers decrease 71% than CK. Experimentation show low temperature is good at reducing rot rate of tubers; in addition, the rot rate of small tubers were more than big tubers.6.dormancy release and burgeon promoted: High temperature or GA3 was good at dormancy release and burgeon promoted for Zantedeschia hybrida tubers, high "temperature(22-25℃)+ GA3 (300 mg/kg, 15min)" was the most useful treatment to tuber’s dormancy release, after 60d,the burgeon rate was 53.3%, after 80d,the burgeon rate was 93.3%. The experimentation showed in addition: the tubers which starch content reducing more burgeon earlier. 7.florescence promoted:"High temperature(22-25℃)+ GA3 tubers (200 mg/ kg,10min)" was the most useful treatment to one year tuber’s florescence promoted, the florescence rate was 36.7%."high temperature(22-25℃)+ GA3 (300 mg/kg,10min)" was the most useful treatment to two and three years tuber’s florescence promoted, the florescence rate was 66.7% and 83.3%. After treating, not only the florescence rate was high, but also the plants growing well with beautiful appearance.
【Key words】 Zantedeschia hybrida; rapid propagation in vitro; storage; dormancy release; florescence promoted;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 浙江大学 【网络出版年期】2008年 09期
- 【分类号】S682.264
- 【被引频次】4
- 【下载频次】380