【作者】 张勇；

【导师】 陈永胜；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,尽管社会各界对交通安全越来越重视,越来越关心,投入了大量的人力和物力提高我国道路安全水平,但交通事故的频发次数和造成的巨大经济损失仍然是人们关注我国道路安全水平的热点问题,特别是我国的高速公路。一般来说,设计标准高的道路,交通事故率低,设计标准低的道路,交通事故率高。但自1988年我国第一条高速公路通车以来,交通事故数和死亡人数持续上升。2007年,高速公路交通事故死亡人数大幅攀升,达到5925人,平均每万公里死亡1105人,远远高于二、三级公路每万公里的死亡水平,而国外高速公路死亡事故仅为普通公路的1/3～1/2。连续长大下坡路段往往是重特大恶性交通事故多发段。解决连续长大下坡路段交通安全问题的措施有管理措施、交通工程措施和工程措施。实践证明,设置避险车道是目前解决连续长大下坡路段交通安全问题最为有效的工程措施。但是由于避险车道投资巨大,维护费用高,因此合理地设置避险车道就显得尤为重要。本文所探讨的避险车道设置原则就是避险车道设置的首要问题。本文在分析国内外避险车道设置原则研究的基础上,根据采集得到的山区高速公路事故、道路平纵面线形及交通量资料,依此建立车辆在长大下坡路段行驶时货车失控风险与道路平面线形、道路纵面线形交通量直接的关系模型。根据该模型,并结合山区高速公路的实际道路环境、交通状况,建立了确定是否设置避险车道的工作流程图,由此确定了连续长大下坡路段避险车道的设置原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China, recently, although a large amount of manpower and material resources have been invested to improve safety on national highways, the severity and frequency of crashes is still the social big challenge, especially for the freeways. Since the first national freeway was open to the traffic in 1988, the number and fatalities of traffic accidents kept rising. In 2007 the fatalities of traffic accidents on the nation’s freeways was up to 5925 people, 1105 people died every ten thousand kilometers on average, which is far higher than the level of common highways. This is quite different with characteristics of western countries, it was said that number of fatal accidents of foreign freeways is only 1/3～1/2 of that of other highways.Continuous long and steep downgrade sections are often hazardous locations. Management measures, traffic engineering measures and engineering measures are used to solve the traffic safety problem on continuous long and steep downgrade sections. It has been proved in practice that setting up truck escape road (TER) is the most effective engineering measure by now. Because the construction cost and maintenance cost of an TER are very high, it is most important to set up a TER reasonably. The principle of setting up a TER which is studied in the paper is principal problem.The paper analyses of the study on the principle of setting up truck escape ramps at home and abroad. According to the data collected about the Mountainous freeway accident, road geometric horizontal and vertical design elements and traffic flow, a model is established which is about the relationship between out-of-control truck accident and road horizontal design elements, road vertical design elements and traffic flow conditions. Based on the model, operation process chart which is used to set up truck escape ramps is given after considering the real road environment and traffic flow condition and the principal of setting up truck escape ramps is established.更多还原