【作者】 张旭东；

【导师】 周熙襄；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 应用地球物理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 静校正是地震资料处理的难题之一。转换波静校正现在更是成为国内外研究的热点问题。转换波静校正量是由震源点的P波静校正量和接收点S波的静校正量组成。静校正量可以分解成低频和高频分量。对低频分量的校正被称作长波长静校正,对高频分量的校正被称作短波长静校正。通常对长、短波长静校正的划分是相对野外观测排列长度而言的,一般把波长大于或接近于一个排列长度的时延变化称为长波长静校正量,而把波长小于一个排列长度的时延变化称为短波长静校正量。静校正短波长分量是由地表介质局部变化及观测误差所致。在一个排列内随机分布,会引起反射波同相轴错位,叠加后不能很好的聚焦成像,影响地震剖面的信噪比;静校正长波长分量主要是由近地表介质在较大范围内速度或厚度变化引起的,会造成地震剖面上的虚假构造,导致错误的解释结论。当然,长波长与短波长静校正的划分应该是相对的,实际上波长小于地震排列长度的中等波长的静校正量的变化,有时既影响地震同相轴的聚焦,也会引起同相轴一定宽度的起伏,形成虚假构造。本论文首先通过与常规P波的对比,阐述了转换波地震数据处理中不同于纵波处理的部分关键步骤,然后对七种转换波常规处理方法:转换波折射静校正方法、优化共接收点叠加道相干法、分步消去静校正量法、τ-p变换法、互相关法、转换波延迟时法、圆滑法分别进行了学习,分析其各自的适用性和局限性,并对上述方法的实际资料处理效果进行了分析。在此基础上选用XC地区三维三分量资料,在解决转换波静校正时,根据下行波是纵波而上行波是横波的特点,转换波炮点静校正量采用纵波校正量,研究了以下五种方法来求取检波点横波校正量:扫描系数转换波静校正方法、基于表层模型转换波静校正方法、基于构造时间控制的转换波静校正方法、基于面波的转换波静校正方法、基于纵波长、短波长静校正量分别求取的转换波静校正方法,最终较好地解决了转换波的静校正问题,提高了剖面质量,并结合自己的体会对实际工作提出了建议,取得了不错的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Static correction is one of the difficult problems of seismic data processing. Converted-wave static correction is now a hot issue both at home and abroad. Converted-wave static correction is composed of the P-wave static correction of the focal points and S-wave static correction of the reception point. Static correction can be broken down into low-frequency and high-frequency components. Low-frequency components of the static correction is called long-wavelength static correction, the static correction of the high-frequency components, known as short-wavelength static correction. Usually, short-wavelength of the static correction is relative in terms of the length of field observation with the generally greater than or close to the wavelength with a length of the delay changes as static correction of long-wavelength, and the wavelength of less than a length with delay change as the static correction of short wavelength. Short-static correction by the weight of surface changes and the local media measurement errors caused by. In a random distribution within the order, it will cause reflection of the wave axis with the dislocation, stacking the focus can not be very good imaging, the impact of seismic signal to noise ratio; Static correction long wavelength component mainly by the near-surface in the larger context of medium speed or thickness caused by the change will cause false seismic profiles on the structure, leading to erroneous conclusions explained. of course, the long-wavelength and short-wavelength static correction of the division should be relative. In fact smaller than the earthquake at length with the medium wavelength of static correction of the changes, sometimes with both the earthquake affected the focus of the axis and leading with a certain width of the shaft the ups and downs, a false structure.In this paper, first of all, contrast with conventional P-wave, on the converted-wave seismic data processing in the P-wave is different from dealing with some of the key steps, and then research the seven-conventional approach: converted wave refraction static correction methods, and optimize the point of receiving Road coherent superposition law, step-by-step elimination of static correction,τ-P transformation, inter-related, when converted-wave delay, a sleek, respectively study, analysis of their respective applicability and limitations, and above the actual data processing results were analyzed.This paper studied the 3-D three component seismic data in XinChang area. Information in resolving the converted wave static correction, in accordance with the wave downlink and uplink longitudinal wave is the wave characteristics of the S-wave, converted wave shot of a static correction longitudinal wave correction on the following five ways to strike a detection point S-wave correction: Scan coefficient converted-wave static correction, surface model based on the converted wave static correction method, based on the time structure of the converted wave control static correction method, based on the converted of wave- wave static correction method based on the long wave length, short wavelength conversion static correction wave of static correction method, and ultimately a better solution to the converted wave of static correction problems, and enhance the quality of the profile, and the combine of their own experience of the actual work of the recommendations made good results更多还原