【作者】 胡蕾；

【导师】 王绪本；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区地处中国西藏自治区西南隅与尼泊尔王国交界处,是世界上海拔最高的自然保护区,以保护高原特有的高寒自然生态为主。珠峰自然保护区生态系统是一个比较脆弱的系统,保护植被对保护该系统生态环境起着非常重要的作用,利用GIS技术研究珠峰自然保护区植被空间格局特征及与相关因子的关系,对指导生产、自然保护以及人类的生存与发展都具有十分重要的意义,同时也是GIS技术应用领域的扩宽,是对GIS与DEM应用的深层次挖掘。本研究基于植被与环境的关系这一研究热点,在广泛总结前人研究成果与研究经验的基础上,运用地理信息系统技术,对珠峰自然保护区植被进行多元分析,探讨不同植被类型与气温、降水、海拔、坡度和坡向五个环境因子的关系;有助于全面认识植被的结构和功能特征,掌握珠峰自然保护区植被分布的一般特点,有利于揭示植被与环境的相互关系及影响。本课题主要利用GIS技术对珠峰国家级自然保护区植被分布与环境因子的关系进行研究及统计分析,以达到对自然保护区的科学管理、保护和持续利用的目的。以珠峰自然保护区植被数据、DEM、年均温数据、年降水数据为主要研究资料,反映植被的空间分布格局、植被覆盖度、植被在各环境因子中的分布规律及各植被类型的最优发育环境区间,定量描述海拔、降水量、温度、坡度和坡向中各植被类型的分布,找出各植被类型的最优发育区间,针对各植被类型提出合理利用及保护措施,对珠峰自然保护区植被保护和建设更加有效地开展有着重要的指导意义。研究表明:(1)在保护区内,随着海拔高度的增加,植被覆盖度先增加后减少;随温度,降水量的增加呈现相似的变化规律。(2)海拔是影响保护区内植被类型分布的主要环境因子。随着海拔高度的增加,形成水热因子的复合梯度,从而影响植被分布。研究区内受地形地貌的影响,各植被类型呈镶嵌分布状态。区内坡度变化缓和,坡度的分异作用不明显。(3)论文定量地描述了各种植被的梯度分布状态,划分出各植被类型最适合发育的海拔、降水量、温度、坡度区间,清晰的反映了珠峰自然保护区植被与环境因子的关系,提出了植被保护和利用的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve is located in China’s Tibet Autonomous Region at the junction of the Kingdom of Nepal, is the world’s highest nature reserve to protect the alpine plateau unique natural eco-oriented, the main target for the protection of high Himalayan mountain landscape Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve is an ecosystem whose system is relatively weak, the protection of vegetation on the protection of the ecological environment of the system plays a very important role, using GIS technology on Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve vegetation characteristics and spatial pattern of the relationship with the relevant factors, to guide the production, conservation and human survival And development is of great significance, but also the field of GIS technology applications widening, the DEM application of GIS and the deep-level mining.Based on this study the relationship between vegetation and the environment on this hot, in a wide range of summary results of previous studies and research on the basis of experience, the use of remote sensing technology and geographic information systems technology, the vegetation of Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve, a multivariate analysis to explore different vegetation Type and temperature, rainfall, elevation, slope and aspect of the five environmental factors; vegetation contribute to an overall understanding of the structure and functional characteristics, the master of Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve in the general distribution of vegetation characteristics, to reveal vegetation and the environment And the impact on mutual relations.The main topics on the use of GIS technology vegetation of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve of the relationship between environmental factors and to conduct research and statistical analysis, so as to achieve the scientific management of nature reserves, conservation and sustainable use purposes. To Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve vegetation data, DEM, the average annual temperature data, annual precipitation data as the main research data, reflecting the spatial distribution of vegetation patterns, vegetation cover, vegetation in various environmental factors in the distribution of vegetation types and the most Excellent range of environmental, quantitative description of elevation, precipitation, temperature, slope and aspect of the distribution of various vegetation types, different vegetation types to find the optimal development interval, for various vegetation types to make rational use and protection measures.Research shows that (1) to an altitude of vegetation coverage classified as altitude increases, the vegetation coverage increased after the first decrease in temperature, precipitation classification of vegetation coverage as temperature, rainfall increases, vegetation coverage to increase After a slight decline. (2) above sea level that affect the distribution of vegetation in protected areas most important environmental factors. With the increase in altitude, the water in the hot environment of change, hot-water formation of the composite gradient, hot water and vegetation distribution factor is the impact of the main factors that affect water through the elevation of factors affecting the distribution of vegetation, the elevation gradient Is to determine the distribution of vegetation of Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve, the leading ecological gradient. The entire study area complex landform, due to the impact of topography, vegetation was sporadic with the vertical distribution of other vegetation plate smashed. Gradient changes easing, the gradient of differentiation were not evident. As differences between the parties do not light up, the distribution of vegetation aspect of differentiation as altitude, rainfall, temperature effects. Slope, aspect of the distribution of vegetation is of secondary importance, the main factor is light, heat, water and other conditions play a role. Finally, the main factor in elevation, in combination with other environmental factors, that the altitude range should focus on the protection and utilization of the vegetation types, combined with practical measures to give protection and utilization.(3) statistical analysis of quantitative results not only to describe all kinds of vegetation distribution of the gradient, and given the ultimate precision of the results - the most appropriate vegetation for each of the elevation, precipitation, temperature, slope interval, to achieve from this Qualitative to quantitative analysis provided a basis and clearly reflects the vegetation of Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve and the distribution of environmental factors, combined with the actual proposed vegetation protection and utilization measures.更多还原