【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 温亚利；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 发展与保护的辩证矛盾是自然资源与环境经济学领域的焦点。定性化与定量化并重、突出定量化研究,是相关研究的发展趋势。湿地保护管理中社区与湿地资源的关系问题,是这一焦点的具体的应用和体现。本项研究以周边社区对湿地资源的经济依赖关系为对象,运用理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,在总结与借鉴资源经济计量及评估的相关理论与研究成果的基础上,建立了“周边社区对湿地资源的经济依赖度(DEDWR)”评估指标体系与计量模型,选择河北省白洋淀湿地为案例展开实地调查,在研究结果中对白洋淀周边社区对湿地资源的经济依赖关系进行了综合评估,并对这种经济依赖度在不同区域、不同产业形式间的差异进行了对比分析与强度排序。本项研究对资源依赖评估研究的方法在湿地领域的应用做了尝试,指标体系的建立和适用性探讨具有一定可推广性。研究的逻辑框架构建借鉴了资源经济学相关理论和实践成果,特别是资源承载力研究和森林依赖度研究的思路与方法,实现了湿地资源领域的实践。而研究的前提假设以及研究结果本身显示了本项研究的基本立场,即是对于“社区对资源的依赖”与“社区对资源的威胁(压力)”的关系探讨,以及基于社区依赖视角下对于资源保护管理观念的再思考。本项研究结果表明:白洋淀周边社区对湿地资源存在直接和间接的经济依赖关系,区域平均依赖度水平为47.7%,这种依赖度在区域和产业之间存在较大的差异性。样本区域五乡镇对白洋淀湿地的经济依赖度依次为圈头乡(53.8%)、赵北口镇(48.5%)、安新镇(47.4%)、端村镇(46.8%)和安州镇(42.0%);而产业层面则以渔业(78.5%)、商业服务业(74.5%)、禽类养殖(70.0%)对白洋淀的经济依赖度为最高。这些特点是区位条件、资源禀赋及生产习惯等诸多因素共同影响决定的。基于研究结果,本文从资源依赖的角度对自然资源保护管理政策、生态经济框架下的社区经济发展方向提出了相应的建议:保护生态兼以尊重社区发展权利,立足社区资源依赖性调动其保护湿地的积极性,合理引导资源依赖型产业,结合资源禀赋优化产业布局,创造环境促进优势产业和潜力产业发展等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between natural resources and the neighbouring communities is always the focus in the field of Natural Resource Economics. In this paper, several topics are studied as followings:1. The basic principle and common methods in Natural Resource Economics, especially the studies and practices of evaluating, as well as the studies on Dependence on certain resources. The paper has made a summary before its own study started.2. The buildup of evaluation index system, the choosing of proper indexes, the computing of all coefficients in the index combination. Former studies have been mentioned for reference, while necessary adjustment is made in the paper for its new field and the need of case study.3. Baiyangdian Wetland has been chosen as a case studied, where 250 households nearby of 5 towns has been surveyed by questionnaire. Then the Economic Dependence on wetland resources of these communities has been evaluated, of which Juantou’s DEDWR is the highest by 53.8%, Zhaobeikou 48.5%, Anxin 47.4%, Duancun 46.8%, Anzhou 42.0%. Also the differences among characteristic populations and typical industries.The author has also explained the viewpoint that it’s illogical to equate“dependence”as“menace”. The communites with high denpendence degree on resources would not be sure to desroy the nature balance. Usually some factors like oriented profit would influence the dwellers deeply, even change their tradional production and life style. Overuse and irrational development would be a nightmare to the natural resources around, and the local people themselves. Moreover, the paper would like to show that the research in the field of Natural Resources Economics should pay more attention to the study on microcosmic element, like communities, villages, households, or even single persons.Based on the conclusions from the research, some suggestions have been brought out in the paper, considering the dependence of communities on wetland resources. The suggestions are aimed to enhance the wetland resource conservation and to develop community economics, such as location programming of industies, potential preponderant industries’promotion, and support from environment such as local government.更多还原