【作者】 李晖；

【导师】 张学培；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 黄土高原降雨空间分布的不均匀性是十分显著的。降雨的空间分布特征是影响流域产流产沙空间变化的主要因素,目前已成为雨沙关系分析中的重要问题;同时黄土高原是世界上土壤水蚀最严重的地区之一,降雨及径流是导致土壤侵蚀的主要动力;因此,对黄土高原区降水分布的规律性分析及其对土壤侵蚀影响的研究变得十分迫切。本文通过研究蔡家川流域内划分的6块支沟小流域及蔡家川主沟的四场降水资料,分析了次降雨空间分布的不均匀性及其特征,进而提出降水时空分布变异规律。另一方面,并不是所有的降雨事件都能够引起土壤侵蚀,能够导致土壤侵蚀的那部分降水事件被称为侵蚀性降雨。因此利用蔡家川流域内7个雨量站记录的2007年8月至9月4场降雨的断点雨强资料,分析侵蚀性降雨、次降雨侵蚀力的分布特征;从而进一步研究降雨和土壤侵蚀的关系,以便准确判断小流域内的产汇流以及侵蚀,对以后土壤侵蚀量,泥沙径流量以及其他相关研究工作提供依据。通过一年多的理念开发,系统推理,实地考察,综合分析,比较检验,取得了一定的研究成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spatial distribution of rainfall in Loess Plateau is uneven and significant. The features on spatial distribution of rainfall is the main factors that affecting spatial variation of watershed’s runoff and sediment, which has become important issues on analysis of rainfall-sediment relations ;At the same time, the Loess Plateau is one of the most serious soil erosion regions in the world, rainfall and runoff is the main driving force resulting in soil erosion; Therefore, it’s urgent that analyzing the rainfall distribution regularity and its impact on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau area.Based on the research of precipitation data of 4 independent rainfalls within 6 branches and its main channel in Caijiachuan watershed, we analyze the uneven distribution of rainfall and its characteristics to put forward variation of temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. On the other hand, not all of the rainfall events can cause soil erosion, precipitation event could lead to soil erosion is called erosive rainfall. Therefore, using breakpoint rainfall intensity data of 4 independent rainfalls from August 2007 to September 2007,which is recorded by 7 rainfall stations in Caijiachuan watershed, analyze the distribution feature of erosive rainfall and individual rainfall erosivity; thereby, study the relationship between rainfall and soil erosion, in order to accurately judge the small watershed runoff and erosion, which provide the basis for the work of soil erosion, sediment runoff, as well as other relevant studies in future. Through more than one year’s concept exploiture, system deduction, suitable land review, comprehensive analysis, compare validate, we can conclude general conclusion.更多还原