【作者】 檀丽萍；

【导师】 张柏林； 刘阳；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 伏马菌素是一种重要的真菌毒素,主要存在于受镰孢菌污染的玉米及其制品中。伏马菌素能够引起人畜多种疾病,严重危害人畜的健康。此外,伏马菌素还影响我国玉米的出口。伏马菌素对玉米的污染可以说是不可避免的,丢弃受伏马菌素污染的玉米将造成巨大的经济损失,因此检测、降解和去除玉米及其制品中伏马菌素的技术和方法日益受到人们的重视。本研究首先改进了伏马菌素FB1的液相色谱(HPLC,配荧光检测器)检测方法,然后进行了挤压膨化法、氢氧化钙浸泡法降解和去除玉米及玉米制品中伏马菌素的试验。结论如下:1.改进了柱前衍生-HPLC法测定玉米中FB1,对样品中伏马菌素的提取、衍生方法以及流动相的选择进行了深入研究。样品用甲醇+水混合液(9+1,V/V)提取,用OPA衍生,甲醇/0.02 mol醋酸钠缓冲液为流动相。加标回收率为71.32%-89.22%,变异系数为1.10%-2.51%。该实验方法稳定,实验结果准确可靠,重现性和再现性比较好。2.挤压膨化能够降低玉米中伏马菌素的含量,添加葡萄糖能够更显著降低玉米中伏马菌素的含量,降解率为61.70%-88.68%,综合考虑得到最佳加糖量为7.5%。3.氢氧化钙浸泡玉米能明显减低玉米中伏马菌素的含量。浸泡8 h能显著降低FB1的含量(38.36%),氢氧化钙浓度的变化对FB1影响不大(23.86%-34.48%)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fumonisins (FBs) are a group of mycotoxins mainly produced in maize and maize-based products by F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum. They can effect humans and animals which associated to esophageal cancer. The export of maize was affected if maize were contaminated. So, it is necessary to detect and remove FBs in maize and maize-based products. In this research, we improve the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with fluorescence detector (FLD) to analyse the amount of FB1 in maize. Then the methods of extrusion and calcium hydroxide soaking were tested inorder to remove FBs in maize and maize-based products.1. Determination of FB1 in maize by precolumn derivation and HPLC are improved.The methods of extraction and derivation of food sampies,the selection of mobile phase, the sample recovery and the precision are also researched. The sample were extracted by shaking after addition a mixture of methanol+water(9+1,V/V) and derivatized by OPA(ortho-phthalaldehyde). Mobile phase is methanol /0.02 mol sodium acetate buffer. The recoveries from fortified maize samples were found to be 71.32%- 89.22 % with relative variation of 1.10 % - 2.51 % respectively. Its specificity, stability, repeatability and reproducibility could fulfill requirements.2. The extrusion of maize meal resulted in significant reductions of FB1(24.62%)in all treatments relative to unextruded controls. The addition of glucose resulted in greater reductions of FB1 (38.30%-88.68%) than extruded controls. When extrusion conditions were optimized, 88.68% loss of FB1 was found with 7.5% glucose.3. Calcium hydroxide soaking significantly reduced FB1 levels in maize. the effect of concentration of calcium hydroxide on the fumonisons(FB1)was quiet (23.86%-34.48%). Soakking time resulted in significant reductions of FB1 (38.36%).更多还原