【作者】 李智；

【导师】 杨利慧；

【作者基本信息】 北京师范大学 ， 民俗学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 对专业医疗人员来说,病因的解释是以医学理论为依据而进行的,但对病人来说,却有着一套合乎自己逻辑的解释方式,而这种病因的解释,受到了社会文化因素的影响,并因此而产生了不同的求医行为。“夜惊症”在中医、西医和民俗医疗里各有不同的观点。西方精神医学认为这是由各种精神压力所导致的一种焦虑状态,是一种儿童睡眠障碍症。中医则认为这主要是心神功能失调后出现的一系列变化。而民俗医疗则认为这是因各种原因导致的人的魂魄离开身体所致的后果,可以通过“叫魂”、“收魂”方法来进行处理和治疗。“叫魂”、“收魂”是通过一定的仪式,将逸出体外的魂魄收回,使紊乱的身心状态恢复正常的一种民俗医疗方法。在湖北省武当山地区,它们的存在与当地的本土信仰文化,尤其是鬼神文化观紧密相连,对武当地区许多民众的心理和行为产生着一定的影响。通过了解“叫魂”、“收魂”民俗文化,可以了解许多民众的一些思想,因为它们包含着文化的隐喻。在治疗夜惊症时,武当地区的许多民众一般采取“多元”的求诊方式,即同时采用正式和非正式的医疗体系,亦即同时接受中、西医治疗或同时也采用民俗疗法。而影响武当地区许多民众求医行为选择的主要因素则是经济因素、文化契合以及规避风险的功利心理。基于田野调查所获的资料,通过对湖北武当地区“夜惊症”民俗疗法即“叫魂”的民族志研究,笔者认为未来的医疗应是身、心、灵的整合医疗,藉此才能真正为患者的疾病带来完善的治疗。笔者希望本文的研究对心理科学知识的普及和心理辅导的本土化进程有所推动。更多还原

【Abstract】 To professional medical practitioners, ways to explain sickness rely on medical reasoning. However, patients have their own logical ways to explain cause of sickness; their thoughts are affected by social cultural variance resulted in different medical consultation behavior.Chinese, Western and Folk medicines have different views on the study of Night Terrors(NT). Western psychiatrist believes it is sort of anxiety due to stress, calls it one kind of child sleep barrier sickness. Chinese doctor explains it being a series of attitude and behavior change over psychological dysfunction. Folk doctor thinks it is sort of“soul away from body”resulted from various reasons, and believes it can be treated by kinds of soul call soul retrieval method.“Soul call”and“soul retrieval”are treatments through certain sort of ceremony which helps retrieve the“soul away from body”, so as to rectify the messy and complicated mental and physical conditions. They have close linkage with Wudang local religious culture, that is ghost and god culture, which has influence over Wdang people’s psychological thinking and behavior. We may understand people’s thoughts via the culture of“soul call”“soul retrieval”, because they are full of cultural implication.In order to cure NT, Wudang people usually adopt multiple ways. That is to say, Wudang people often use formal and informal medicine system, Traditional Chinese medicine, Western medicine and Folk medicine at the same time. The main factors that influence NT sufferers are not only economics, but also traditional cultural identity and utilitarian thoughts that want to avoid danger.By the research of folk medicine about NT in Wudang district, the author believe that the future medicine should be an integrated one that combines healings of a patient’s body, mental and spirit. Only in this way, the disease will be really overcome. The aim of this research is to promote localization of psychological science and psychological consulting in Wudang, to guide the current reform of rural medicine system.更多还原