掠夺性放贷问题法律研究

【作者】 罗斌；

【导师】 刘燕；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 掠夺性放贷(或者猎杀放贷)是指放贷机构通过欺诈等不正当手段诱使弱势的借款人签订掠夺性贷款合同。在美国弱势的借款人主要是那些被隔离于信贷市场的中低等收入人群,在取得掠夺性贷款后,他们常常会由于偿付不起过高的利息和贷款费用,最后导致个人破产和失去唯一的住房。掠夺性放贷在美国次级住房抵押贷款市场产生并泛滥的原因在于两个方面,一方面是次级住房抵押贷款市场上高度的信息不对称,另一方面是目前的法律救济手段不够完善,对于掠夺性放贷的监管也没有达到像科斯所说的让“处于最有利位置能以最小的成本来避免损害的人承担避免这种损害的成本”。本文介绍和讨论了美国学者提出的解决上述问题的一条比较可行的进路,即在次级住房抵押贷款市场引入美国证券法上的“适当性原则”,让发放贷款的机构发放贷款时对弱势的借款人承担一项适当性义务,即调查确认发放的贷款对于借款人的财务状况、金融需求是否适当。在对“适当性”原则在证券法上的适用进行回顾后,本文将详细讨论和介绍在次级房屋抵押贷款市场适用“适当性原则”的理论基础、怎样将“适当性原则”适用于该市场以及一些批评和反对的观点。更多还原

【Abstract】 When a lender is inducing a na?ve borrower to involve into an unfair loan which very possibly will lead to a deadly damage, we will say the lender is committing predatory lending. In America, a lot of lower-and-moderate income people are isolated from the credit market. Usually they are the target consumers of predatory lenders. After they got predatory loans, they often cannot assume the obligations on the loan and have to face bankruptcies and foreclosures finally. The flourish of predatory lending in the home loan market comes from two aspects of reasons: (1 ) the information asymmetry in the market, and (2 )the incompleteness of legal protections. The current regulations of the predatory lending cannot make“the party who is in the best position to avoid the harm at the least cost bear the cost of avoiding the harm---as Coase Posited”.To solve the issue of predatory lending, I suggest using the suitability doctrine of American securities laws in the sub-prime home mortgage market. In accordance with this principle, Lenders in the lending transactions is obligated to investigate the financial status and needs and make sure the loan is suitable for the borrower. After a brief study of the suitability doctrine in the securities laws, I will discuss the theoretic basis of the introduction of suitability doctrine into the sub-prime home mortgage market and how suitability doctrine can be used in the mortgage market.更多还原