【作者】 史立军；

【导师】 侯红；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 信息技术的迅速发展和应用的日益广泛,使计算机软件的重要性与日俱增。同时,随着软件规模的日益庞大,软件需求越来越复杂。因此,在软件开发过程中,需求变更成为必然。目前,软件工程界的研究趋势正在由面向实验室的研究转向面向工业界的软件过程研究,需求开发和需求管理作为软件开发过程的第一阶段,贯穿于整个软件生命周期,其重要性越来越突出。本文对需求管理进行了分析研究,以期更好的对需求及其变更进行监控和管理,提高需求工程的质量和效率。文章在对需求工程理论研究基础上,主要对需求变更和需求跟踪等需求管理的关键技术进行了研究,并在理论研究的基础上设计并实现了一个支持需求管理的工具。本文的主要研究工作体现在以下几个方面:1.对需求工程相关领域以及需求管理工具的现状进行了研究剖析,总结了需求开发和需求管理中面临的一些问题。2.为了规范需求变更过程,给出了需求变更控制策略和需求变更流程。3.提出了利用需求跟踪能力矩阵对需求变更进行影响分析的方法,实现了对在软件开发过程中各个阶段提交的变更请求进行横向跟踪和纵向跟踪影响分析,为变更控制委员对需求变更会做出合理决策提供了支持。4.设计实现了基于B/S结构的需求管理工具,以辅助需求管理环境的建立,提高需求管理的效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development and the increasingly widespread application of information technology, the software becomes more and more important. Also, because of the increasing scale of software, software requirements become more and more complex, which makes change request inevitable. The research trend of software engineering is transferring from lab-oriented research to industry-oriented software engineering process. Requirements development and requirements management are the first stage of software development process and throughout the entire software life cycle, their importance become more and more prominent. So this dissertation focuses on research of requirements management, in order to monitor and manage of the software requirements and change request, and prompt the quality and efficiency of requirements engineering.This dissertation mainly focuses on the core technology of requirements management such as change request, requirements traceability and so on based on the theory of requirements engineering. We design and implement an aided tool for managing requirements. The research work of this dissertation is organized as follows:1. Do detailed research on the related fields of requirements engineering and existing circumstances of requirements management tools. Summarized some questions that encountered during the requirements development and requirements management.2. In order to regulate the process of change request, we give the strategies and processes of change request.3. A method for impact analysis is offered using requirements traceability matrix .This method could be used to provide useful suggestions for change control board by doing horizontal and vertical tracking impact analysis across all the stages of software development.4. In order to aid the construction of requirements management and improve the efficiency of requirement management, we design and implement a requirements management tool of browser / server structure.更多还原