回转体仿形机织物的织造研究

【作者】 陈和春；

【导师】 郭兴峰；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织材料与纺织品设计， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 回转体复合材料的增强材料有连续纤维缠绕、平面织物剪切、立体织物等。纤维缠绕主要用于简单的外凸形回转体,对于复杂回转体,不仅缠绕工艺复杂、成本高,设备投资也大。平面织物剪贴将使纤维不连续,最终影响复合材料的力学性能,降低其承载能力。目前生产的立体织物品种单一,且机械化程度低。本课题研究的仿形织物是在普通的织机上,对织机的部分机构进行改进,可直接制织出适用于回转体的仿形织物,这种织物不需裁剪,只需简单缠绕就可成型回转体复合材料,具有成本低、品种使用广的优点。以圆锥台形和纺锤形两种回转体的仿形织物为例,讨论了回转体仿形织物的设计原理。圆锥台形仿形织物采取了平纹和斜纹两种组织结构,而纺锤形回转体仿形织物仅采用平纹组织。根据回转体的结构,采用了分区等纬密的织造方法。通过调节织口到织物卷取成型控制辊之间的距离,测试在不同条件下纬纱的剪切变形角和织物在机幅宽。通过分析仿形织物在织造过程中的剪切角的变化,推导出仿形织物的纬纱在机剪切角理论计算公式。与实验数据比较,理论计算出的结果基本与实测值吻合,证明建立的理论和推导的公式是正确的。影响织物纬纱剪切角的主要因素为织口到织物卷绕起始线之间的距离、卷取成型辊的结构尺寸。研究发现,织口到卷绕起始线距离越远,织物发生的剪切变形越大;成型辊的底角越大,织物发生的变形越小。采用斜纹组织制织仿形织物比平纹组织时织物表面更加平整,纬纱变形越容易趋于稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reinforced materials of revolving body composite include filament winding, planar fabric shearing and three-dimensional fabrics and so on. Filament Winding is mainly used in the simple revolving body of the convex. As for the complicated revolving body, not only the winding craft is complex, the cost is high, but also the investment of equipment is considerable. The method through cutting and stitching 2-D fabrics will cause the discontinuity of the fibers, consequently affecting the mechanical properties of revolving body composite, and then reducing its carrying capacity. At present, the variety of producing the three-dimensional fabrics is unitary, and the mechanization power is very low.The weaving shaped-fabric of this study was woven by the ordinary weaving machine. Through some improvement having been made on the loom, we weaved some fabrics which are suitable for the revolving body composite. Without cutting this fabric, but only simple directly winding, the rotary composite materials were produced with advantages of low production cost and wide uses with the low cost of production, and applicability wide variety of features.Taking the fabrics of cone-frustum-shape and spindle-shape revolving bodies as examples, we discussed the designing principle of revolving body shaped-fabrics. Plain and twill weave structures were adopted for the cone-frustum shaped fabric yet only the plain weave structure for the spindle shaped fabric. According to the structure of gyrator, a weaving method of distributed even weft density was introduced. Through adjusting the distance between the cloth fell and the shape controlling batch roller, the corresponding shearing deformation angles of weft yarns and the widths of fabrics were measured. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculation formula on the shear of deformation angle of weft was developed by analyzing the shearing deformation angles. It has been found that the results obtained from theoretical calculation were nearly identical with experimental data, thus proved that the tentative theory and the developmental formula were correct and practicable.The major factors influencing the shearing deformation angles of weft are the distance between the cloth fell and the initial line of fabric winding, the structure size of shape controlling batch roller, it has been determined that the further between the cloth fell and the starting line of fabric winding, the larger shear deformation in fabric; the greater basilar angle of batch roller, the smaller shear deformation. Under the same circumstances, we also found that the fabrics of twill weave have better flatness and the deformation angle is easier to reach equilibrium than those of plain weave.更多还原