服用棉纺织物甲醛释放规律研究

【作者】 孙伟；

【导师】 董永春；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 甲醛被认为是致癌物,人体短期时间对甲醛的暴露会造成眼睛刺激、皮疹和头痛。纺织品中的甲醛释放,例如从防皱整理织物中释放的甲醛,对人体健康和安全产生危害。本课题主要研究和考察防皱整理织物和染色固色织物在水介质中的甲醛释放特性,这对于保障人民身体健康具有重要意义。本课题首先选择三种商品化的防皱整理剂,使用常规整理工艺对棉织物进行处理得到防皱整理织物样品,同时使用商品化的固色剂Y分别对活性染料染色和直接染料染色棉织物进行固色处理得到染色固色织物样品。然后将得到的两种织物样品分别置于不同pH值蒸馏水介质和人工汗液水介质中进行甲醛释放实验,采用乙酰丙酮法对水介质中的甲醛进行测定,并且分别采用分段法和一阶导数拟合法对织物中甲醛的释放行为曲线进行了表征,同时讨论了两种方法的相关性。设定了甲醛释放参数如甲醛初始释放速率、平均释放速率、平衡释放量(或最大释放量)、平衡释放时间、瞬时释放速率和甲醛释放稳定浓度等。重点考察了释放介质的pH值、温度等参数对织物甲醛释放特性的影响作用。此外还详细研究了防皱整理工艺参数如整理剂浓度、催化剂浓度、焙烘时间和添加剂等工艺参数和固色处理工艺参数如固色工艺中固色剂浓度、固色温度、固色时间和柔软剂等工艺参数与织物甲醛释放行为之间的关系。实验结果表明,防皱整理棉织物和染色固色织物在pH=5.0和pH=8.0的蒸馏水介质中都能够释放甲醛,整个释放过程包括三个主要阶段,通常而言,分别为初始释放阶段、缓慢释放阶段和平衡释放阶段。两种织物在水介质中的甲醛释放行为均符合一阶指数函数模型;其在汗液介质中的甲醛释放参数均小于其在蒸馏水介质中甲醛释放参数。防皱整理织物在pH=8.0水介质中的甲醛释放参数高于其在pH=5.0水介质中的甲醛释放参数,而染色固色织物在pH=8.0水介质中甲醛释放参数最低,在pH=5.0水介质中甲醛释放参数最高。释放介质温度的提高能促进两种织物甲醛释放。防皱整理织物样品与释放介质体积之比对织物中甲醛释放有一定程度的促进作用。防皱整理工艺中整理剂浓度的提高会导致整理织物中甲醛释放参数增加;催化剂的增加和焙烘温度的增加会减小甲醛释放。柔软添加剂对防皱整理织物的甲醛释放具有促进作用。在染色固色工艺中固色剂浓度和固色温度增加会导致染色固色织物甲醛释放参数增加,而固色时间的增加会使其甲醛释放参数减小,柔软整理会使染色固色织物中甲醛释放减少。更多还原

【Abstract】 The release of formaldehyde from clothing fabrics such as durable press (DP) treated fabrics is a problem for human health and safety because formaldehyde is suspected to be carcinogenic. The short-term effects of exposure to formaldehyde include irritation of eyes and nose, rashes and headaches. In this paper, releasing characteristics of formaldehyde from the durable press fabrics and the dyed cotton fabric in the aqueous medium was investigated and assessed.Three durable press (DP) agents and a fixing agent were first selected to prepare for the DP finished cotton fabrics and the dyed cotton fabrics using regular process. And then, the formaldehyde releasing from the dyed and finished cotton fabrics was carried out in acidic and alkaline aqueous medium, respectively. Two factors effecting formaldehyde releasing including the nature of the aqueous medium (pH, temperature and the ratio of solution volume to the weight of fabric) and treating process parameters for cotton fabrics (concentration of DP agent or fixing agent, treating temperature and time, softeners or additives, etc.) were examined with respect to initial releasing rate, the average releasing rate, the balance releasing amount (or maximum releasing amount, etc.) Moreover, the formaldehyde releasing from the dyed and finished cotton fabrics was characterized by using the subsection method and first order derivative method, respectively.The results indicated that formaldehyde could be released from the two kinds fabrics in the pH=5.0 and pH=8.0 aqueous medium. In general, formaldehyde releasing from the dyed and finished cotton fabrics consisted of three stages, namely initial stage, slow releasing and balance releasing stage. And the formaldehyde releasing behavior can be described through the exponent function model. The DP finished cotton fabric released formaldehyde more easily in the alkaline aqueous solution than the acidic aqueous solution. On the contrary, the dyed cotton fabric showed the reversed releasing trend. Moreover, the two fabric samples released low formaldehyde in the artificial sweats than in the aqueous solutions at the same condition. The temperature of the aqueous medium can promote the formaldehyde release from two treated fabrics. Increasing concentration of DP agent or fixing agent caused the high releasing of formaldehyde release from two treated fabrics. More importantly, it is found that the DP finished fabrics containing the softeners or additives could release more formaldehyde in acidic and alkaline aqueous medium.更多还原