【作者】 许明；

【导师】 荆蕙兰；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 营口港位于东北地区南部,辽东半岛西侧,渤海湾的北岸。近代营口港走过了一条由盛而衰的道路。因其优越的地理位置,营口港在清末就已发展成为东北地区的重要港口。随着第二次鸦片战争后营口的正式开埠设关,港口贸易的繁盛带动了营口工商业和手工业也迈向了一个新的发展阶段。与此同时,具有营口地方特色的金融制度——“过炉银”也随之出现。营口港成为东北地区的航运和贸易中心,时人称为“关外上海”。日俄战争后,营口港开始走向衰落:营口港的港口地位一再下降,民族资本日益凋敝,抗战后期航运业也完全停顿,营口港成为了一片死港。营口港的迅速兴盛得益于港口优越的地理位置,便利的航运条件,大豆等特色产品出口的带动和早期港口建设打下的良好基础。日本人在完全占领大连后所实施的“大连中心主义”政策却直接导致了营口港开始走向衰落,旧中国对港口建设与治理方面的无所作为,自然因素的不利影响和发生在东北地区的历次战争都加速了这一过程。近代营口港的开埠是资本主义殖民侵略的产物,营口港的兴衰对处于相对封闭状态的东北地区产生了深远的影响。晚清政府国力孱弱,营口港被迫开埠,主权丧失是必然的,但开埠也带来了被动的开放与开发。以营口开埠为契机,封闭的东北地区被纳入了世界经济的开放体系,迈开了现代化的缓慢步伐。缺乏现代化工业的支撑,没有强大的国家主权的保障,注定了营口港必然走向衰落。近代营口港的变迁历程再次证明了主权是现代化的前提条件,而工业化则是现代化的推动力量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yingkou port is located in the south of Northeast, west of Liaodong Peninsula, the north shore of the Bohai Sea. In modern history, Yingkou port has experienced from prosperity to the process of recession. Benefited from favorable geographical conditions, Yingkou Port had developed into an important port of the northeast in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Second Opium War, Yingkou port has been formally opened, the prosperity trade of Yingkou port had made Yingkou’s commerce and industry, handicraft industry move towards a new stage of development. Meanwhile, .the monetary system has characteristics of local Yingkou -’a Furnace Silver’ appeared. The Yingkou port became the shipping and trade centre of Northeast region, and Yingkou was called as ’the Northeastern Shanghai’ at that time. After the Japan-Russia war, the Yingkou port began to decline: The port position of the Yingkou port dropped constantly, the national capital was depressed day by day, shipping industry totally stopped in the late resistance war, and the Yingkou port became a dead harbour.The Yingkou port’s rapid prosperity benefited from favorable geographical position, convenient shipping conditions, special products export like soybean and good foundation from earlier port constructions. The ’ Dalian centre doctrine ’ policy which was implemented by Japanese capturing Dalian totally directly lead the Yingkou port to move towards declining, and the process was accelerated by old government accomplishing nothing on port construction and governance, adverse influence of nature and all previous wars happened in the Northeast region.Modern Yingkou port’s opening was the outcome of colonial invasion, the prosperity and decline of Yingkou port brought far-reaching influence to the relative closed Northeast region. The late Qing Government’s national power was weak, the Yingkou port is forced to open, so it is inevitable to lose the sovereignty, while its opening brought passive development. Taking the Yingkou port’s opening as an opportunity, the closed Northeast region has been brought into the opening system of the international economy and enters modernization with slow paces. Lack of the support of the modernized industry and guarantee of strong state sovereignty, the Yingkou port has been destined to move towards declining. The changes course of the modern Yingkou port has proved again that the sovereignty is the precondition of modernization, while industrialization is the promoting force of modernization.更多还原