【作者】 王红波；

【导师】 章建新；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以新鲜豆1号为材料,在大田灌溉条件下,研究了在覆膜条件下,氮肥、密度及化控对菜用大豆的生长发育、氮磷钾吸收分配以及地下部根系生长发育的影响。主要结论如下:1.地膜覆盖栽培促进菜用大豆根系早生快发,增加根干重,且根系分布浅,覆膜菜用大豆植株性状、干物重、叶面积及叶面积指数、产量性状等均明显高于露地,但露地栽培菜豆的蛋白质含量却高于覆膜菜豆。覆膜比露地提前4天采摘鲜荚,产量增加1544.97kg/hm²,增产11.82%。2.施氮能明显促进覆膜菜用大豆植株对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累,提高大豆植株养分吸收速率,并促进养分向荚粒中分配,使植株的干物质以及单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒鲜重增加,从而提高产量。以花期施氮量为90kg/hm²时,菜豆植株对氮、磷、钾养分吸收量最高,鲜荚产量为17002.10kg/hm²,每生产100kg鲜荚所需N、P₂O₅、K₂O分别为2.05kg、0.62kg、1.97kg。3.覆膜栽培密度以13.5万株/hm²,鼓粒期后叶面积指数适中、光合势大,干物质积累速率快,最终积累量大,向籽粒中分配率较高,鲜荚产量最高（15185.50kg/hm²）。4.覆膜栽培始花期用450g/hm²豆歌+120g/hm²豆歌伴侣化控一次,植株明显矮化,增加茎粗和叶绿素含量,延缓后期叶片衰老,增加干物质积累量,增加单株荚数、粒数和粒重,鲜荚产量增加9.54%。5.覆膜栽培菜用大豆密度为13.5万株/hm²,施氮量为90kg/hm²,始花期化控（450g/hm²豆歌+120g/hm²豆歌伴侣）一次,鲜荚产量可达14000kg/hm²以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, fresh bean 1 used as materials, under the field irrigation condition, study on effect of nitrogen, density and chemical control on the growth rule, nitrogen phosphorus kalium absorption distribution and the root system growth and development of vegetable soybean with film mulching. The main conclusions are as follows:1.The film mulching cultivation promotes living early sends quickly vegetable soybean root and increasing the root dry weight, and its root distributes shallowly. The plant character, dry matter weight, leaf area and leaf area index and the yield character of vegetable soybean film mulching are obviously higher than that of open ground, but the open field vegetable soybean’s protein content is actually higher than the film mulching vegetable soybean. The film mulching soybean advance to picks for 4 days compared with the open ground vegetable soybean, the yield increases 1544.97kg/hm~2, increases yield 11.82%.2.Application nitrogen promotes obviously vegetable soybean plant film mulching to nitrogen phosphorus kalium absorption accumulation, raises the soybean plant nutrient accumulation speed and distributes to the pod grain, increases dry matter weight, pods per plant, seeds per plant and Fresh100-seed weight of vegetable soybean plant, accordingly raises the output. When the flowering season application nitrogen for 90kg/hm~2, the vegetable soybean plant to nitrogen phosphorus kalium absorbed dose is highest, and the fresh pod yield is 17002.10kg/hm~2,3.we found that the leaf area index is moderate and photosynthetic potential become large after podding, dry matter accumulation rate is fast, final accumulation amount and distribution rate to grain are high under the 135 thousands plants per ha treat, fresh pod yield is the highest( 15185.50kg/hm~2).4.Under the film mulching condition, using 450g/hm~2 Douge+120g/hm~2 Douge companion to progress chemical control one time in the flowering season, plant obvious dwarfing, increase stem thickness and chlorophyll content, delay leaf senescence in late, increases dry matter accumulation and pods, seeds and seeds weight per plant, raise fresh pod yield 9.54%.5. Under the film mulching condition, vegetable soybean density is 135,000plant/hm~2, nitrogen fertilizer is 90kg/hm~2 and the flowering season uses 450g/hm~2 Douge +120g/hm~2 Douge companion to progress chemical control one time, the fresh pod yield may reach above 14000kg/hm~2.更多还原