【作者】 王曦；

【导师】 彭向刚；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 行政管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 公共危机事件对于社会民众的影响是双重的。一方面是有形的,物质层面上的影响;另一方面是无形的,心理层面上的影响,其中后者更为重要,也最容易被忽视,公共危机给民众带来的心理上的创伤往往会导致更严重的危机。本文以此为着眼点,阐述了民众心理干预对于公共危机管理的重要意义以及忽视该问题的后果,分析了在公共危机中引发民众消极心理的主要因素,然后,就如何做好我国公共危机管理中的民众心理干预提出了建议。全文共分为四部分。第一部分,民众心理干预是公共危机管理中不可或缺的内容。先是就公共危机中的民众心理给出了界定并分析了其特征以及相关的应激表现,然后引出在公共危机管理中进行民众心理干预的重要意义。第二部分,公共危机中民众心理干预的责任主体。通过理论分析提出了民众心理干预中的政府、媒体、非政府组织三大主体的观点。第三部分,公共危机中民众心理干预不力的主要原因。分别从政府、媒体和非政府组织入手,分析了各自在民众心理干预中所存在的主要问题。第四部分,加强公共危机管理中民众心理干预的建议与对策。根据第三部分所分析的内容,提出了一些相关的建议和对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Crisis’s disastrous consequence has surpassed populace’s bearing capacity greatly, has posed the threaten seriously and the bad influence stably to populace’s personal safety and property and society’s harmony. The populace become any crisis’s most immediate danger object nearly. Under the crisis situation the populace fall into one abnormal condition, is unable the reason to deal with the crisis event, often displays at a loss, out of control and so on negative reactive state, even presents some non-rational behavior. Therefore, carries on the psychology in the public crisis management to the populace to intervene imperative. This article take the public crisis management’s in populace psychology intervention as an objective point, has analyzed in the public crisis the populace psychology characteristic, the stress performance and the influence, has discussed the populace psychology intervention in the public crisis management influential role, initiated the populace negative psychology to the current our country public crisis event in the primary factor to make the detailed analysis and to put forward the solution proposal and the countermeasure.In the public crisis management says psychological intervention, although has close contacting to a certain extent with the psychology, but still has own distinctive quality, is the intervention measure not only limits in the psychology method and the skill, but through government order’s formulation, resources deployment, effective management as well as society’s measures and so on widespread participation realizes. In the public crisis, carries on the populace psychology intervention has the practical significance, is not only advantageous in maintains social the stability, but can also enhance the government to carry on the public crisis management the efficiency, simultaneously is also advantageous in the populace deals to public crisis’s oneself. In the public crisis management, the government, the mass media media and the Non-governmental organizations should be the populace psychology intervention three big main bodies. And, the government is having the public authority, is controlling the public resource, and undertakes is maintaining the social stability, protects people’s people property safety sacred duty, this enables it to have the key role in the public crisis management. The government not only may provide in system’s safeguard for the populace psychology intervention, causes it to integrate the legal system track, guaranteed will have the public crisis when the future will carry on the populace psychology intervention to be able to have a legal basis, to have legal support, moreover can also in the match grasp the resources will carry on reasonably, dispose effectively, will provide on the fund and the material support for the populace psychology intervention, will realize the melt crisis and maintains the social order the process; At the same time, uses between the different government’s cooperation, but can also obtain the local scarce resources the aid or as a result of the condition limit defective technology in support; The media when the crisis occurs, has“the assistant manager”indispensable regarding government’s management the function. In the discovery crisis indication, the satisfied populace information need, guide aspects and so on populace mood, influence government decision-making, mold government image to play the strong character; Non-governmental organizations’s participation not only may buy in each kind of social strength to expand the mass base, moreover is advantageous in the populace forms the self-organization, self-control ability, but can also cause it when the crisis occurs can be separated from to government’s dependence overall, in positive initiative participation crisis management, moreover, because has many senior professionals, can provide the specialized knowledge which and the service skill in the crisis psychology intervention many governments do not have.However, at present in our country, regardless of being the government, the mass media media is also the Non-governmental organizations has not realized the populace psychology intervention in the public crisis event’s importance. Specially the government, has not appeared any about the populace psychology intervention law and the system, also has not integrated officially it during the public crisis management, even has still not transformed in the ideology from“the thing standard”into“the people standard”; The mass media media also often presents“the dereliction of duty”in the crisis spreading process the phenomenon, has not arrived to the public carries on the responsibility which the psychology loses leads; But Non-governmental organizations in time participation public crisis’s populace psychology intervention actually has some reality difficult position. This all sorts of reasons have caused the populace inevitably facing the public crisis event when negative psychological being in vogue, thus has brought the very big trouble for government’s management and the social stability.Must solve these problems, can carry on the psychological intervention well in the public crisis to the populace, must first obtain from the government this first responsibility main body, sets up“the person book”in the public administration the idea, releases the related laws and regulations as soon as possible, the populace psychology intervention has in system’s safeguard, meanwhile must consummate own existing each system; Next, must strengthen the media the self-control, the opportunity which and each kind of detail the attention reported and so on; Once more, the Non-governmental organizations must while obtains which the government supports vigorously, completes own each kind of ability the construction.更多还原