【作者】 钱锋；

【导师】 叶永禄；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 民事强制执行是权利人借助国家公权力实现自身权利的一种手段,也是人民法院确保生效的法律文书得以实际履行,维护法制统一与尊严的必要措施。民事强制执行程序是一种强制实现具有执行力的法律文书所应当遵循的法定程序,其基本目的是迅速、经济和适当的从事实上实现执行根据所确定的当事人权利、义务关系。因此,民事强制执行程序具有确定性、主动性、命令性、强制性的特征,显示其具有很强的行政权性质。实际运作中,民事强制执行程序确实体现了其行政性的特点:当事人在强制执行程序中具有被动性。以至有人认为,强制执行就是要充分、确定的实现申请人依据法律所具有的实体权利,被申请人当然不能赋予其过多的权利,以免其妨碍执行的效率。也许鉴于上述原因,我国民事执行程序中对执行救济缺少了必要的关注。当前,民事诉讼法对强制执行的规定笼统、原则,相关司法解释的规定比较支离破碎,而且缺乏一部统一适用的《强制执行法》对执行工作进行规范,法院、执行人员在强制执行程序中滥用公权力,对法人或公民的私权予以不当干预的情形时有发生,要理顺执行关系,建立符合司法公正要求的执行程序,就必须要建立和完善可以让当事人充分参与执行程序的民事执行救济制度,来对执行程序进行监督。而现行的法律、法规或司法解释,对法人或公民的私权遭受不当干预应当采用何种方式、程序、途径予以救济的规定是缺位的,因此有必要对我国执行救济制度的构建进行探讨与研究。本文采用比较研究、逻辑推理、演绎与归纳的方法,从目前我国法律对执行救济制度的规定着手,归纳执行救济的性质、法律特征,剖析现行执行救济制度存在的不足,总结我国台湾省、日本、德国、瑞士等国家和地区的关于强制执行救济制度的立法现状和理论研究状况,并同时总结了对我们进一步完善执行救济制度的借鉴意义,着重阐明重构和完善我国执行救济制度的程序设计,对指导强制执行工作具有一定的理论意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Civil enforcement proceedings is the means of ownership achieving rights by public power, also the indispensable measure of people’s court guaranteeing effective legal documents performing and defending legal system dignity. The procedure of civil enforcement proceedings is the legal procedure, which must be adhered to when conforming the compulsory legal documents effective, to achieve the relationship of the parties’right and obligation quickly properly. In fact, it has the character of determination, initiative, command and enforcement, which has the profound feature of authority principle, showing the quality of administrative power. The parties is subordinated to court, so somebody think enforcement proceedings will bring about claimant’s entity rights by the law, and respondent only has obligation for avoiding hindering efficiency of implementation. Relief System will not be pay necessary attention in Chinese procedure of civil enforcement proceedings.So sometimes, court or the people of implementation will misuse public power, disturbing private rights of legal person. The stipulation of Civil Procedure Law are general and principle, related Judicial Interpretation also shattered, lacking united standard of“Mandatory Executive Law”and the standard of parties’relief rights especially in wrong implementation. Which restrict the parties and intervener achieving rights relief, not correcting the wrong enforceable behavior? So constructing judicial procedure must complete civil implementation of relief system, letting the parties participating, which may supervise the procedure. It is necessary to research it because of the current laws and decrees lacking related stipulation.This article sum up the quality and characteristic of relief in law, analyzing the completeless of current relief system in our country, by the means of comparison, inference, deduction and conclusion. And it also sums up the current related research in province of Taiwan, Japanese, Germany and Switzerland,for benefiting from that.更多还原