【作者】 张进；

【导师】 王文华； 程金平；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 环境科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 多环芳烃对环境和人类健康危害极大,是世界各国重点控制的污染物。本文重点以多环芳烃为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC),在严格的实验室QA/QC控制下,研究了上海市典型功能区域的多介质环境中多环芳烃的分布特征和来源分析。其主要研究结果如下:对上海市不同功能区域表层土壤样品中的分析表明:土壤中的多环芳烃的含量为:工业区>商业交通区>校园生活区>旅游区。化工区三厂含量最高,焦化厂、氯碱厂和电厂的含量分别为3257ng/g、1873 ng/g和993 ng/g,其次是南京路和徐家汇商业区,多环芳烃含量分别为196 ng/g和166 ng/g,淀山湖含量最低为10ng/g,七宝和闵行校园生活区含量居中,含量分别为89 ng/g和111 ng/g。组分以中3环和4环化合物为主,分布不均匀。距离污染源的距离、所处的功能区和土壤自身的理化性质都是影响多环芳烃在土壤中分布的因素。上海地区土壤中的多环芳烃主要来自于不完全燃烧。对上海市不同功能区域大气样品中多环芳烃的分析表明:气态多环芳烃的浓度范围为410～829 nd/day,工业区颗粒态多环芳烃的浓度范围为58～79 ng/m~3。与国内外其它地区相比,气态和颗粒态的多环芳烃总量处于中等污染水平。气态多环芳烃中主要以分子量低、易挥发的3环和4环为主;颗粒态多环芳烃以分子量大、不宜挥发的的4～6环为主。气态多环芳烃夏季高于冬季;颗粒态多环芳烃冬季高于夏季。樟树叶片可以作为大气中多环芳烃的生物指示物。大气中多环芳烃来源于石油污染源和不完全燃烧污染源共同作用。工业区大气中多环芳烃主要来源于煤的不完全燃烧。风速和温度对大气中PAHs含量的影响较为明显。大气中多环芳烃的含量与人均GDP之间有很好的相关性,大气污染与地区的人类活动密切相关。对化工区多环境介质中多环芳烃的重点研究表明:焦化厂污染最严重,氯碱厂和焦化厂多环芳烃含量有很好的相似性,多环芳烃在三介质中存在一定的相似性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)have gained utmost attention as contaminants of potential threat to Environment and human health. In order to get a general idea of the distribution and transformation of PAHs in multimedia in various functional areas of shanghai, PAHs were analyzed according to the USEPA method 8100 series with a strict QA/QC measurement, utilizing HPLC. And the study results will provide scientific bases for urban environmental protection and management in Shanghai. The main conclusions are summarized as follows:The average concentration of PAHs in the soil in various functional areas were in industrial park>business and traffic zone>residence and campus zone>tour zone and the average concentration were 3257 ng/g in Coking & Chemical factory、1873 ng/g in Chlor-Alkali Chemical factory, 993 ng/g in Power Plant、196 ng/g in Nanjing Road、166 ng/g in Xu Jiahui、89 ng/g in Min Hang、111 ng/g Qi Bao and 10 ng/g in Dian Shan Lake.3-4 rings compounds were dominant and distributed asymmetry.The distance to the source、the characteristic of functional areas and soil were affecting the distribution of PAHs in soil. The predominant source were coal combustion.The predominant PAHs in the air were 3-4 rings compounds in vapor phase with a range of 410-629 ng/daybut 4-6 rings compounds in particulate phase with a range of 58-79ng/m~3. The gas phase PAHs concentration in summer are higher than in winter and adversely for the particulate phase PAHs .The leaves of camphor can be used as the bio-referent of PAHs.The predominant source were vehicle emissions and coal combustion.Meteorological parameters especially wind speed and temperature are influence factors.There was a close relationship between PAHs concentration and GDP.Coking & Chemical factory was polluted heavily through the study of the distribution of PAHs in 3 environmental mediums in the industrial park and there was a close correlation between PAHs concentration in Coking & Chemical factory and Chlor-Alkali Chemical factory,so as the PAHs concentration in the 3 mediums.更多还原